Perception Recording And Reproduction Of Physical Invariants During Bare Fingertip Exploration Of Tactile Textures
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Perception, Recording and Reproduction of Physical Invariants During Bare Fingertip Exploration of Tactile Textures
A new tactile device able to record and reproduce tactile scenes using tangential forces was designed and realized based on the limits and requirements of our somatosensory system. The tangential micro-deformations of the finger sliding on a textured surface can be measured with 500 Hz-bandwidth and reproduced by vibrating a glass plate under the controlled action of a critically damped electrodynamic actuator. In an effort to identify what sensory cues are relevant to tactile sensations for the reproduction of a scene, the physical quantities that influence tactile perception were studied. Using a staircase method, it was demonstrated that tactile wavelets with different combinations of amplitude and duration could be felt perceptually equal in intensity. These results suggested that there are common physical quantities - invariants - for these signals that the brain is sensitive to, which could relate to a perceptual constancy in asperity exploration. By analyzing the friction forces of a finger exploring braille dots with different pressures and velocities profiles, we found that although the mechanical response at a highly localized stimulus varies as a whole, the integral of the local tangential forces during a short deformation period remained constant. These recordings were then categorized by velocity and used as stimuli in a comparison task in which participants explored virtual dots of different heights at different speeds. While sliding on a glass platform which vibrated tangentially to reproduce a braille dot recorded at the same exploration speed, they were asked to report which of the two stimuli was stronger (or 'higher'), a task that they could successfull.
Reproduction of Tactual Textures
Texture accounts for an important part of the realism of simulated experiences, and it is most certainly true during tactile interaction. We usually experience roughness by running our fingers onto the explored surface. The perception of this fine texture is mediated by the vibrations generated by the encounters of the skin and the asperities of the surfaces. Reproduction of Tactual Textures presents factors that contribute to the mechanics of the interaction between a bare finger and a surface with a view to their artificial reproduction. It discusses the recording and reproduction of tactual textures, and analyses a case study of the development of a device able to record the vibratory signal from a fingertip sliding over a textured surface. The same device is then used in a reverse way to render those previously measured signals to the user’s fingertip. These developments open new questions about the biomechanical properties of the skin and their relation to perception. The second half of Reproduction of Tactual Textures focuses on the implication of the dynamic parameters of the skin onto rendering performance, and it concludes with a study on the important features that are present in the vibratory signal and their relation to texture perception. This state-of-the-art volume highlights the importance of the mechanics and biomechanics during the haptic exploration of surfaces and their possible contribution to perception. Collectively, the findings reported are pertinent to many applications, including robotic perception and the design of effective virtual reality systems.
Tactile Perception by Electrovibration
This book explains the mechanisms underpinning the tactile perception of electrovibration and lays the groundwork for delivering realistic haptic feedback on touchscreens via this method. Effective utilization of electrovibration can only be accomplished by simultaneously investigating both the physical and perceptual aspects of the finger-touchscreen interaction. Towards this goal, present work blends the available knowledge on electromechanical properties of the human finger and human tactile perception with the results of new psychophysical experiments and physical measurements. By following such an approach that combines both theoretical and experimental information, the study proposes new methods and insights on generating realistic haptic effects, such as textures and edges on these displays. Besides, state-of-the-art research on the field is reviewed, and future work is discussed. The presented interdisciplinary methods and insights can interest students, broad communities of haptics, neuroscience, engineering, physics, and cognitive sciences, as well as user-interaction experts and product designers from the industry.