Participant Observation And Non Participant Observation
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Applied Social Research
Applied Social Research focuses on the real world context of applied research. It discusses the often overlooked, yet essential process of planning: poor planning inevitably produces inadequate research. The text helps researchers decide how to approach their applied research problems and to think through the major issues in the design and analysis of their project. 'Applied Social Research' also discussed the idea that in applied social research the use of a single method type is unlikely to provide answers to the often complex set of research questions being addressed and highlights the benefits of using two or more research methods in the one study. The author argues that such mixed method designs are becoming widely used in applied social research, particularly where the methods combine qualitative and quantitative data, thereby enabling a richer set of data to provide various perspectives on the research topic, removing limitations imposed by using single methods. Examples of such designs are provided throughout, useful mixed method designs are outlined and their advantages discussed.
Principles and Practice of Behavioral Assessment
Author: Stephen N. Haynes
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2003-10-27
Behavioral assessment is a psychological assessment paradigm that emphasizes empirically supported, multimethod and multi-informant assessment of specific, observable behaviors and contemporaneous causal variables in the natural environment. The behavioral assessment paradigm stresses the use of well-validated assessment instruments and assumptions that social/environmental, cognitive, and physiological variables are often important sources of behavior variance. The behavioral assessment paradigm has had a major influence on the field of psychological assessment. It has affected the way research on the causes of behavior disorders is conducted, the way treatment processes and outcomes are evaluated, and the way treatment decisions are made. The goal of this book is to present the characteristics and underlying assumptions of the behavioral assessment paradigm and to show how they affect the strategies of behavioral assessment. Although all of the concepts and strategies discussed in this book are applicable in the research, this book focuses on the use of behavioral assessment to guide clinical judgements.
Research Methodology
It is with great pleasure and a deep sense of responsibility that I present this book titled Research Methodology for B.A. 5th Semester, Gauhati University. This book has been meticulously crafted to serve as a comprehensive guide for students enrolled in the Four-Year Undergraduate Programme (FYUGP), specifically for the course titled "Research Methodology" under the subject of Education. As an integral part of the B.A. curriculum, this subject has been designed not only to equip students with the fundamental knowledge and skills required in the field of educational research but also to foster a deeper understanding of its significance in the academic and professional spheres. Research plays an essential role in the continuous development of educational systems and policies. It provides the foundation for evidence-based decision-making, supports the exploration of new ideas, and promotes an informed and reflective approach to the teaching-learning process. The course outlined in this book covers the key aspects of educational research, ensuring that students are introduced to both theoretical concepts and practical applications that will guide them throughout their academic and professional journeys. The learning outcomes of this course, as described, aim to empower students with a robust understanding of the concepts surrounding educational research. They will gain knowledge of the various types of educational research—fundamental, applied, and action research—along with the key steps involved in conducting meaningful research. Students will also learn the intricacies of preparing a research proposal, a skill that will be invaluable for their future research endeavors. The contents of this book are divided into five main units. In Unit-1, we explore the meaning, definitions, characteristics, and objectives of educational research, offering an in-depth understanding of its scope and importance. In Unit-2, we dive into the process of formulating a research proposal, including the development of research questions, objectives, hypotheses, and the use of research tools such as questionnaires, interview schedules, and observation schedules. Unit-3 focuses on the review of related literature, emphasizing its nature, sources, and the critical role it plays in shaping the direction of research. Unit-4 delves into research design, the significance of population and sample selection, and the methods of data collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation. Finally, in Unit-5, we discuss report writing, guiding students through the structure and organization of research reports, which is crucial for presenting their research findings in a clear and professional manner. This book is designed not only to support students in their coursework but also to inspire a passion for research and inquiry. It is my hope that students, upon completing this course, will not only understand the process of conducting educational research but also develop the critical thinking skills necessary to engage in thoughtful, reflective, and impactful research in the field of education. The content of this book has been carefully curated to align with the syllabus prescribed by Gauhati University for the 5th semester of the B.A. program, ensuring that the material is both relevant and applicable to the students' academic pursuits. Additionally, I have included practical examples, illustrations, and exercises to further enhance the learning experience and to ensure that students are able to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world situations. I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to the faculty members of Gauhati University for their support in this endeavor and to the students who will benefit from this book. I sincerely hope that this book serves as a valuable resource for all those seeking to expand their understanding of research methodology in education. May it inspire future researchers, educators, and policymakers to contribute meaningfully to the field of education and to the betterment of society at large. Khritish Swargiary