Origins Of Igneous Rocks
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Origin of Igneous Rocks
Author: Gunter Faure
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2013-03-09
his book is intended for graduate students of the Earth Sciences who require a T comprehensive examination of the origins of igneous rocks as recorded by the isotope compositions of the strontium, neodymium, lead, and oxygen they contain. Students who have not had a formal course in the systematics of radiogenic isotopes can acquire a basic understanding of this subject by a careful study of Chap. 1. Addi tional information is readily available in a textbook by Faure (1986). The primary purpose of this book is to demonstrate how the isotope composition of Sr, Nd, Pb, and 0 in igneous rocks has been used to shed light on the origin of igneous rocks and hence on the activity of the mantle and on its interactions with the continental and oceanic crust. The presentations are based on the premise that igneous and metamorphic rocks form as a direct consequence of the dynamic processes of the mantle and of the re sulting interactions between the mantle and the crust. Accordingly, Chap. 2 to 6 ex amine specific types of igneous rocks that form in particular tectonic settings. Each of these chapters starts with questions about the properties of the mantle and crust, and about the relation between the tectonic setting and the rock-forming processes that take place in that setting.
Origins of Igneous Rocks
This rigorous and up-to-date synthesis of current research and thought in igneous petrology explores the complex process of the generation and cooling of igneous rocks--those formed by solidification from a molten state, either intrusively, below the earth's crust, or extrusively as lava. Through the study of the mineral associations, compositions, and textures achieved in the formation of these rocks, Paul Hess traces the evolution of igneous rocks from site of origin to place of residency. He probes the clues that the distribution of igneous rocks provides for understanding plate tectonic processes. And he focuses on a number of unresolved problems critical to igneous petrology: the ultimate source rock of a magma; the location and process of melting; the collection of magma into large movable masses; the extraction of magma from its source and its emplacement onto the earth's crust; and the conditions of the crystallization and cooling of magma in its ultimate transformation into igneous rock. This comprehensive work, which integrates geochemistry, tectonophysics, and planetary geology with classical igneous petrology, provides a solid introduction to physical processes and isotopic principles and applies these processes and principles consistently in the discussion of petrogenetic models for all the major types of igneous rocks. It is a stimulating resource for students and researchers in igneous petrology as well as for geologists in allied fields (geophysics, geochemistry, cosomochemistry, and metamorphic petrology).
Origins of Igneous Layering
Author: Ian Parsons
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2013-03-09
Acknowledgements xix pioneering workers on igneous layering in Greenland xx Wbrkshop participants xxii Henning Sfl!rensen, University of Copenhagen, Dermark. Latte Melchior Larsen, Geological SUrvey of Greenland, Copenhagen, Dermark. Abstract 1 1 • Introduction 1 1. 1 The agpaitic rocks of the Ilimaussaq intrusion 3 2. Igneous layering in the Ilimaussaq intrusion 4 3. Mineralogy of the layered kakortokite series 15 4. Chemistry of the layered kakortokite series 19 5. Origin of the kakortokite layering 20 5. 1 Discussion 22 6. Conclusion 25 References 26 2. I. AYERn«;r CCMPl\CTIOO NID PCBJ. "--MN}tATIC ~ IN '!HE KLOKKEN INTRUSIOO 29 Ian Parsons and SUsanne M. Becker, University of Aberdeen, U. K. Abstract 29 1. Introduction 30 2. Age of the intrusion 31 3. General structure and mineral variation 31 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 3. 1 Nomenclature of rock types 31 3. 2 Bulk chemical and modal variation 36 4. The contacts and wall-rocks 37 4. 1 Guter contact 37 4. 2 The gabbro sheath 37 4. 3 The unlaminated syenite sheath 39 4. 4 The gabbro-syenite transition 41 5. The layered series 43 5. 1 General relationships 43 5. 2 Granular syenites 43 5. 2. 1 Structure and cryptic variation 43 5. 2. 2 Origin of granular layers 46 5. 2. 3 Trace elements and chamber dlinensions 47 5. 3 Laminated syenites 48 5. 3. 1 General features 48 5. 3. 2 Mineral layering 51 5. 3.