Oncolytic Virus
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Oncolytic Viruses - Genetically Engineering the Future of Cancer Therapy
Author: Benjamin Gesundheit
language: en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date: 2016-11-22
The ability to genetically engineer oncolytic viruses in order to minimize side effects and improve the selective targeting of tumor cells has opened up novel opportunities for treating cancer. Understanding the mechanisms involved and the complex interaction between the viruses and the immune system will undoubtedly help guide the development of new strategies. Theranostic biomarkers to monitor these therapies in clinical trials serve an important need in this innovative field and demand further research.
Harnessing Oncolytic Virus-mediated Antitumor Immunity
Author: Philippe Fournier
language: en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date: 2015-03-02
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a promising anticancer treatment. OVs selectively infect, replicate in, and kill tumor cells. Oncolytic viral therapy occurs in two phases: an initial phase where the virus mediates direct oncolysis of tumor cells, and a second phase where an induced post-oncolytic immune response continues to mediate tumor destruction and retards progression of the disease. For a long time, the therapeutic efficacy was thought to depend mainly on the direct viral oncolysis based on their tumor selective replication and killing activities. But the post-oncolytic anti-tumor activity induced by the OV therapy is also a key factor for an efficient therapeutic activity. The topic adresses various strategies how to optimize OVs anti-tumor activity.
Oncolytic Virotherapy
Author: Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari
language: en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date: 2023-11-20
Using viruses to treat cancer is an established concept, and many viruses have shown promising anti-tumor efficacies. Oncolytic viruses are safe and well-characterized pathogens with a stable genome. The outstanding clinical results for oncolytic virotherapy deserve serious attention and consideration to make it a treatment option alongside classical cancer therapeutics. Virotherapy uses replication-competent oncolytic viruses to replicate and destroy cancer cells selectively. The transformed nature of cancer cells offers a permissive environment for some viruses’ replication and to complement viral mutations. The in situ amplification and spread within the tumor mass is the key benefit of such replication-competent viruses. Oncolytic virotherapy is divided into two main groups, according to tumor specificity: naturally oncolytic viruses to replicate in human cancer cells; and gene-modified viruses engineered to accomplish selective oncolysis.