Oncolytic Virotherapy
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Oncolytic Virotherapy
Author: Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari
language: en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date: 2023-11-20
Using viruses to treat cancer is an established concept, and many viruses have shown promising anti-tumor efficacies. Oncolytic viruses are safe and well-characterized pathogens with a stable genome. The outstanding clinical results for oncolytic virotherapy deserve serious attention and consideration to make it a treatment option alongside classical cancer therapeutics. Virotherapy uses replication-competent oncolytic viruses to replicate and destroy cancer cells selectively. The transformed nature of cancer cells offers a permissive environment for some viruses’ replication and to complement viral mutations. The in situ amplification and spread within the tumor mass is the key benefit of such replication-competent viruses. Oncolytic virotherapy is divided into two main groups, according to tumor specificity: naturally oncolytic viruses to replicate in human cancer cells; and gene-modified viruses engineered to accomplish selective oncolysis.
Exploring Oncolytic Virotherapy in Solid Tumor Treatment
Oncolytic virus therapy for solid tumor is an well-established concept as a promising tumor treatment strategy. Oncolytic viruses, either naturally occurring or genetically engineered, have the ability to replicate and destroy tumor cells while sparing normal cells. The lysis of tumor cells triggers potent antitumor responses and mediates tumor regression at distant sites not exposed to the virus. In 2015, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy for the treatment of melanoma lesions in the skin and lymph nodes. Despite these advancements, there are still unresolved issues regarding virus selection, dosage, and optimal administration route. The primary objective of this research topic is to monitor the latest developments in oncolytic virotherapy for solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, colorectal tumor, hepatic carcinoma, and others. The focus will be on the changes in both the immune microenvironment and immune cells induced by oncolytic virotherapy. Additionally, the research aims to discover novel oncolytic viruses or other combined therapies to enhance the safety and efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy.
Harnessing Oncolytic Virus-mediated Antitumor Immunity
Author: Philippe Fournier
language: en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date: 2015-03-02
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a promising anticancer treatment. OVs selectively infect, replicate in, and kill tumor cells. Oncolytic viral therapy occurs in two phases: an initial phase where the virus mediates direct oncolysis of tumor cells, and a second phase where an induced post-oncolytic immune response continues to mediate tumor destruction and retards progression of the disease. For a long time, the therapeutic efficacy was thought to depend mainly on the direct viral oncolysis based on their tumor selective replication and killing activities. But the post-oncolytic anti-tumor activity induced by the OV therapy is also a key factor for an efficient therapeutic activity. The topic adresses various strategies how to optimize OVs anti-tumor activity.