Numerical Study Into Eor For Optimizing Surfactant Flooding Efficiency
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Numerical Study Into EOR for Optimizing Surfactant Flooding Efficiency
Over the past decades, the application of surfactant flooding in Enhanced Oil Recovery has received much scrutiny and has been tested out for its significant feature of increasing the sweep efficiency. This is through the reduction of interfacial tension and wettability alteration to mobilize the oil trapped in the pores. An analogy will be drawn and a combination of two types of surfactants will be put to the test using different concentrations. The governing factors that determine the efficiency of the surfactant flooding is interfacial tension and wettability alteration. Interfacial tension is responsible for reducing the capillary pressure at the pore. On the other hand, wettability alteration plays an important role in mobilizing the oil once the wettability is altered from oil-wet to water-wet, making the conditions more favourable for greater oil recovery. In this thesis, research has been conducted on the performance of surfactant flooding and it studies the types, mechanism, efficiency and technical success of the surfactant. The main aim is to determine the best way to optimize the surfactant flooding efficiency to obtain the optimum oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The different types surfactants have been tested out on core plugs of which the samples were collected in the outskirts of Erbil Governorate. A simulation software called Cydar will be used, along with the readily obtained experimental data, to determine the optimum results from the surfactant flooding on the core plug. Cydar is a software used for core analysis, it covers a wide range of experimenting areas including absolute and relative permeability measurements, two-phase flow experiments and two-phase flow with enhanced oil recovery (EOR) for polymer and surfactant flooding. The results obtained from the surfactant-flooded core plug with will be compared to the initial outcome as well as outcomes from the sensitivity tests of the core plug. The main aim of this research is to obtain the optimum results and higher recovery factor from surfactant flooding. Keywords: enhanced oil recovery, surfactant flooding, interfacial tension, wettability alteration, surfactant efficiency.
Chemical Process Design, Simulation and Optimization
The book presents a series of articles devoted to modeling, simulation, and optimization of processes, mainly chemical. General methods for process modeling and numerical simulation are described with flowsheeting. Population balances are addressed in detail with application to crystal production; energy saving is frequently optimized, including exergy analysis. The coupling between process simulation and computational fluid dynamics is studied for air classification and bubble columns. Pressure swing adsorption, reactive distillation, and nanofiltration are explained in general and applied to particular processes. The synthesis of carbon dots is solved by the design of experiments method. A safety study addresses the consequences of gas explosion.
Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery
This book presents the fundamentals of the reservoir and interfacial engineering. The book systematically starts with the basics of primary, secondary and tertiary (enhanced) oil recovery and emphasizes on the theory of microbial-enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) and its potential toward recovery of oil in place. Different approaches of MEOR such as in-situ, ex-situ, and integration of chemical- and microbial-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) are discussed in detail. This book highlights the link between the effectiveness of MEOR and the local reservoir conditions, crude oil characteristics, and indigenous microbial community. The latest implementations of MEOR across the globe are highlighted as case studies to outline the potential as well as the scope of MEOR. Given the topics covered, this book will be useful for professionals and researchers working in the areas of petroleum science and engineering, chemical engineering, biotechnology, bioengineering, and other related fields.