Number Theory An Introduction To The Density Of Primes Pdf
Download Number Theory An Introduction To The Density Of Primes Pdf PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Number Theory An Introduction To The Density Of Primes Pdf book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages.
Number Theory
Now in its second edition, this textbook provides an introduction and overview of number theory based on the density and properties of the prime numbers. This unique approach offers both a firm background in the standard material of number theory, as well as an overview of the entire discipline. All of the essential topics are covered, such as the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, theory of congruences, quadratic reciprocity, arithmetic functions, and the distribution of primes. New in this edition are coverage of p-adic numbers, Hensel's lemma, multiple zeta-values, and elliptic curve methods in primality testing. Key topics and features include: A solid introduction to analytic number theory, including full proofs of Dirichlet's Theorem and the Prime Number Theorem Concise treatment of algebraic number theory, including a complete presentation of primes, prime factorizations in algebraic number fields, and unique factorization of ideals Discussion of the AKS algorithm, which shows that primality testing is one of polynomial time, a topic not usually included in such texts Many interesting ancillary topics, such as primality testing and cryptography, Fermat and Mersenne numbers, and Carmichael numbers The user-friendly style, historical context, and wide range of exercises that range from simple to quite difficult (with solutions and hints provided for select exercises) make Number Theory: An Introduction via the Density of Primes ideal for both self-study and classroom use. Intended for upper level undergraduates and beginning graduates, the only prerequisites are a basic knowledge of calculus, multivariable calculus, and some linear algebra. All necessary concepts from abstract algebra and complex analysis are introduced where needed.
Number Theory
Author: Benjamin Fine
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2007
Number theory is fascinating. Results about numbers often appear magical, both in theirstatementsandintheeleganceoftheirproofs. Nowhereisthismoreevidentthan inresultsaboutthesetofprimenumbers. Theprimenumbertheorem,whichgivesthe asymptotic density of the prime numbers, is often cited as the most surprising result in all of mathematics. It certainly is the result that is hardest to justify intuitively. The prime numbers form the cornerstone of the theory of numbers. Many, if not most, results in number theory proceed by considering the case of primes and then pasting the result together for all integers using the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. The purpose of this book is to give an introduction and overview of number theory based on the central theme of the sequence of primes. The richness of this somewhat unique approach becomes clear once one realizes how much number theoryandmathematicsingeneralareneededinordertolearnandtrulyunderstandthe prime numbers. Our approach provides a solid background in the standard material as well as presenting an overview of the whole discipline. All the essential topics are covered: fundamental theorem of arithmetic, theory of congruences, quadratic reciprocity, arithmetic functions, the distribution of primes. In addition, there are ?rm introductions to analytic number theory, primality testing and cryptography, and algebraic number theory as well as many interesting side topics. Full treatments and proofs are given to both Dirichlet’s theorem and the prime number theorem. There is acompleteexplanationofthenewAKSalgorithm,whichshowsthatprimalitytesting is of polynomial time. In algebraic number theory there is a complete presentation of primes and prime factorizations in algebraic number ?elds.
Primes of the Form X2 + Ny2
Modern number theory began with the work of Euler and Gauss to understand and extend the many unsolved questions left behind by Fermat. In the course of their investigations, they uncovered new phenomena in need of explanation, which over time led to the discovery of class field theory and its intimate connection with complex multiplication. While most texts concentrate on only the elementary or advanced aspects of this story, Primes of the Form x2 + ny2 begins with Fermat and explains how his work ultimately gave birth to quadratic reciprocity and the genus theory of quadratic forms. Further, the book shows how the results of Euler and Gauss can be fully understood only in the context of class field theory. Finally, in order to bring class field theory down to earth, the book explores some of the magnificent formulas of complex multiplication. The central theme of the book is the story of which primes p can be expressed in the form x2 + ny2. An incomplete answer is given using quadratic forms. A better though abstract answer comes from class field theory, and finally, a concrete answer is provided by complex multiplication. Along the way, the reader is introduced to some wonderful number theory. Numerous exercises and examples are included. The book is written to be enjoyed by readers with modest mathematical backgrounds. Chapter 1 uses basic number theory and abstract algebra, while chapters 2 and 3 require Galois theory and complex analysis, respectively.