Myanmar Agricultural Performance Survey Monsoon 2023 Farming Environment And Farm Commercialization
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Myanmar Agricultural Performance Survey (Monsoon 2023): Farming environment and farm commercialization
Author: Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity
language: en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date: 2024-06-03
We have analyzed the farming environment and farm commercialization situation for the 2023 monsoon season from the Myanmar Agriculture Performance Survey (MAPS), conducted at the beginning of 2024. This survey encompassed almost 4,400 crop producers in the monsoon, distributed across all states/regions of the country. Our findings reveal: The security situation in Myanmar continues to pose concerns for farmers, impacting their commercialization practices. During the interview period (January – March 2024): 1.1) 31 percent of farmers reported feeling 'very insecure' or 'insecure'. 1.2) 22 percent expressed serious security concerns while moving around. 1.3) 8 percent stated that conflict in their area prevented the cultivation of some agricultural fields. 1.4) 1.4 percent reported land confiscation as a problem in their community. 1.5) 11 percent indicated fear of storing produce at home due to the risk of confiscation or destruction. Security challenges for farming vary across states and regions, with the Delta area - the country's rice bowl - experiencing relatively better conditions. Limited access to fuel, crucial for irrigation and mechanization among others, poses a significant constraint to farming. Nationally, about a quarter of Burmese farmers reported either no or rare availability of fuel in their communities during the monsoon and post/premonsoon periods. This situation is exacerbated in conflict-affected areas such as Rakhine, Chin, and Kayah, with Rakhine experiencing a dramatic worsening in recent months, with 81 percent of farmers reporting fuel scarcity in the post/pre-monsoon period. Agricultural inputs were generally accessible during the 2023 monsoon season, indicating the resilience of the private sector in delivering these inputs. However, 4 percent of farmers reported unavailability of chemical fertilizers, while 6 percent faced difficulties in accessing mechanization and 18 percent in securing agricultural labor. Input prices increased during the 2023 monsoon compared to the same period in 2022, with mechanized plowing costs rising by 20 percent, and hired labor costs for men and women increasing by 19 percent and 23 percent, respectively. Conversely, urea prices decreased by 15 percent. In the post/pre-monsoon of 2024, wages saw substantial increases compared to the monsoon, especially for men, with a 15 percent rise, possibly linked to the new conscription law. Nearly all crop prices increased compared to the previous monsoon. Paddy prices surged by 64 percent. Conversely, maize prices experienced an 11 percent decrease, likely due to transportation issues via Myawaddy, the border town for trade with Thailand. Most farmers reported higher crop sales income this year compared to the previous one. However, 14 percent of farmers reported lower sales incomes. Farmers in remote and conflict-affected areas face significant disadvantages in farm commercialization. Insecurity and isolation are primarily linked to higher input costs, while output prices are similar or lower compared to secure and well-connected areas. Consequently, farming profitability in these regions is reduced, impacting farmers' income and welfare.
Myanmar Agricultural Performance Survey (Dry Season 2024): Farm commercialization and farm services
Author: Myanmar Agrifood Program for Strategy and Analysis
language: en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date: 2024-12-11
The security situation in Myanmar continues to negatively impact commercialization for crop farmers. During the monsoon season interview period (July–September 2024): a) Thirty-one percent of farmers reported feeling 'very insecure' or 'insecure'. b) Twenty-three percent expressed serious security concerns to move around in their village tract or township. c) Seven percent stated that conflict prevented the cultivation of some agricultural fields in their area. d) One percent reported land confiscation as a problem in their community. e) Eleven percent indicated fear of storing produce at home due to the risk of confiscation or destruction. Security challenges for farming vary across states and regions, with the Delta area - the country's rice bowl - experiencing relatively better conditions. Limited access to fuel, crucial for irrigation and mechanization among others, poses a significant constraint to farming. Nationally, about one-fifth and 40 percent of farmers reported either no or rare availability of fuel in their communities during the dry season and monsoon season of 2024 respectively. This situation during the monsoon is exacerbated in almost all of the states and regions, especially in the conflict-affected areas of Kayah, Shan, and Chin, with around 60 percent of the farmers reporting fuel scarcity. Agricultural inputs were generally accessible during the 2024 dry season, indicating the resilience of the private sector in delivering these inputs. However, 5 percent of farmers reported unavailability of chemical fertilizers and seeds - a higher share than in the 2023 dry season - while 16 percent reported problems in securing agricultural labor. Farmers in conflict-affected areas face more obstacles in farm commercialization, with agricultural inputs being much less available. Input prices rose during the 2024 dry season compared to the same period in 2023. Mechanized plowing costs increased by 29 percent, while hired labor costs saw a rise of 33 percent for men and 32 percent for women. Urea prices experienced a modest increase of 3 percent. In the 2024 monsoon season, wages surged further compared to the preceding dry season, with men's wages rising by 16 percent and women's by 17 percent. These recent increases may be partly attributed to the introduction of the new Military Service Law. Agricultural service delivery continues to decline, with fewer farmers able to access credit and agricultural extension services compared to previous years during the dry season of 2024. All crop prices increased substantially compared to the previous dry season. While paddy prices increased by 14 percent, non-paddy crop prices increased significantly more.
Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Mechanization Service Providers – July 2024 survey round
Author: Myanmar Agrifood Program for Strategy and Analysis (MAPSA)
language: en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date: 2025-04-18
Agricultural mechanization service providers (MSPs) are crucial for enabling smallholder farmers to undertake a range of power-intensive farm and post-harvest operations in a timely manner. These operations are essential for food production and farm income. MSPs are capital-intensive operations. The economic viability of these businesses is highly sensitive to (1) capacity utilization, which generates the cash flow needed to repay equipment loans; (2) prices of imported capital goods, including machines, equipment, and fuels; and (3) availability of machine operators, among others. Hence, the operations of MSPs are sensitive to restrictions on mobility and trade. This Research Note focuses on the impacts of the ongoing political crisis on MSPs from the latest phone survey conducted in July 2024. This note primarily covers the activities of tractor service providers (TSPs) in the 2024 monsoon planting season and combine harvester service providers (CHSPs) that completed harvesting from the dry season. The results of previous rounds were published in Myanmar Strategy Support Program Research Notes 07, 12, 17, 39, 43, 59, 62, 76, 82 94, and 98. As MSP operations continue to be affected by market disruptions, understanding the situation on the ground is critical to support measures to ensure farmers’ access to MSP services.