Modeling Behavior In Vehicular And Pedestrian Traffic Flow
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Modeling Behavior in Vehicular and Pedestrian Traffic Flow
This dissertation investigates the design and analysis of vehicular and pedestrian models. A type of vehicular model is developed both to offer novel contributions to vehicle behavior modeling as well as to use as a tool to learn how to create an even more complex behavioral model of pedestrian movement. First, the current state of modeling is investigated including purely behavioral studies and engineering modeling techniques. Behavioral studies are drawn largely from the field of urban affairs and planning while engineering modeling methods are drawn from civil engineering, mathematics, and computer science. Second, a model of vehicular traffic is constructed by first implementing existing work in software. Existing work focuses on single lane traffic, so we next extend the model to support lane changing in multiple lanes. The new mathematical rules are implemented in software and effects of lane changing then studied. The model contributes new capabilities to the field and provides experience to next create a more complex pedestrian model. Third, an algorithmic model of pedestrian movement is created. At its simplest level, steering rules are used that are drawn from the literature. New rules and models are created to support groups and simple social interaction. Learning and memory are then modeled so that simulated pedestrians are human-like in ways that have an effect on congestion. Fourth, software is developed that implements the model. While the model offers a means, i.e., function parameters, for calibration, an implementation must exist to take advantage of that. The software is designed using an object-oriented approach in conjunction with agent based modeling. A pedestrian is an object and agent, learns, has memory, follows its schedule, and moves in, affects and is affected by its environment, and explores the environment. Results from the calibrated software show that the model produces reliable results for situations where the modeled behavior is typical. Contributions to transportation engineering include the vehicular and especially the pedestrian model. Proof of concept software implementation shows the utility of the models and how they can be used to ease and improve design of vehicular and pedestrian areas.
Modeling Interactions among Pedestrians and Cars in Shared Spaces
In this book, a novel agent-based, realistic, and general motion model of pedestrians and (human-driven) vehicles is proposed. It can capture a large variety of interactions and be utilized to assess the applicability of different shared space schemes and in the advent of autonomous vehicles. Sustainable urban traffic and transport is a key to successful future development of our society. Urban traffic is predicted to increase further, and the lack of traffic space makes it undesirable to maintain today's strict separation of different modalities. Shared space design principles promote a flexible use of traffic infrastructure by enabling different traffic modalities to share the same space with few or no explicit regulations. Simulation technologies are becoming an essential tool for traffic planners and managers to analyze future urban areas before new concepts and technologies are applied on the road. The proposed simulation model can suitably replicate the motion behaviors of pedestrians and vehicles from new environments with incremental integration of new behaviors and calibrating model parameters.
Mathematical Modeling of Collective Behavior in Socio-Economic and Life Sciences
Author: Giovanni Naldi
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2010-08-12
Using examples from finance and modern warfare to the flocking of birds and the swarming of bacteria, the collected research in this volume demonstrates the common methodological approaches and tools for modeling and simulating collective behavior. The topics presented point toward new and challenging frontiers of applied mathematics, making the volume a useful reference text for applied mathematicians, physicists, biologists, and economists involved in the modeling of socio-economic systems.