Mobile Dna Element Driven Evolution Of Bacterial Pathogens
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Mobile DNA Element-Driven Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens
Author: Axel Cloeckaert
language: en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date: 2025-04-01
Mobile DNA elements, such as Insertion Sequence (IS) elements, transposons, integrative elements (e.g. integrative islands), prophages, are key players of bacterial adaptation and evolution. They are currently classified into numerous families of which representatives may be genus- or species-specific. Through their mobility by transposition or integration they shape the bacterial genome and contribute to the adaptation of bacteria to survive changing environmental conditions or to adapt to animal or human hosts and evolve to a pathogenic status. They are also involved in the uptake of foreign DNA via horizontal gene transfer (HGT), ranging in size and function from single genes to pathogenicity islands, or islands providing new surface characteristics, e.g., O-antigen, lipopolysaccharides, and surface proteins. The action of mobile DNA elements and associated HGT may therefore drive evolutionary pathogenic processes that include altered responses to inflammation markers and the evasion of the host immune system (e.g. antigenic variation, deletion/inactivation of important antigen genes, or deletion/inactivation of regulatory genes impacting antigen expression).
Horizontal Gene Transfer in the Evolution of Pathogenesis
Author: Michael Hensel
language: en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date: 2008-06-30
Horizontal gene transfer is a major driving force in the evolution of many bacterial pathogens. The development of high-throughput sequencing tools and more sophisticated genomic and proteomic techniques in recent years has resulted in a better understanding of this phenomenon. Written by leading experts in the field, this edited volume is aimed at graduate students and researchers and provides an overview of current knowledge relating to the evolution of microbial pathogenicity. This volume provides an overview of the mechanisms and biological consequences of the genome rearrangements resulting from horizontal gene transfer, in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, as well as overviews of the key mobile genetic elements involved. Subsequent chapters focus on paradigms for the evolution of important bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella enterica, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The influence of socioeconomic parameters in the dissemination of transferable elements, such as antibiotic resistant genes in bacteria, is also discussed.
Encyclopedia of Virology
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