Messenius

Rome and the Counter-Reformation in Scandinavia: The Age of Gustavus Adolphus and Queen Christina of Sweden, 1622-1656

The author tries to trace the complex processes that combined to form the policies of the Roman Curia in cooperation with Propaganda, the Jesuit Fathers, and at times with the Great Catholic Powers vis-à-vis Scandinavia during the reigns of Christian IV of Denmark and Norway and most especially of the warrior king, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden and of his daughter Queen Christina. On the basis of the original authentic documents in deposits all over Europe, though most especially in the Vatican, Propaganda, and Jesuit archives, the author attempts to unfold the clandestine work of the Counter-Reformation orchestrated from Rome during the Thirty Years' War. Moreover, he provides a partly new study of the motives that brought about the reconciliation with Rome of Queen Christina of Sweden.

The Surgeon's Stories

Rome and the Counter-Reformation in Scandinavia: Jesuit Educational Strategy, 1553-1622

In this volume the author completes his study of the period of the Counter-Reformation between the years 1537- 1622. On the basis of the original documents he reveals the underground work of the agents of the Counter-Reformation in their attempt to entice eligible students from the far North to study at Jesuit colleges in Dorpat, Vilna, Braunsberg, Prague, Graz, and Rome at the expense of the Holy See with a view to infiltrating them into the body politic of the Scandinavian kingdoms at all levels of society, viz. church, school, state bureaucracy. In his analysis the author attempts to identify the students involved and trace their degree of success.