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Processing of Heavy Crude Oils
Unconventional heavy crude oils are replacing the conventional light crude oils slowly but steadily as a major energy source. Heavy crude oils are cheaper and present an opportunity to the refiners to process them with higher profit margins. However, the unfavourable characteristics of heavy crude oils such as high viscosity, low API gravity, low H/C ratio, chemical complexity with high asphaltenes content, high acidity, high sulfur and increased level of metal and heteroatom impurities impede extraction, pumping, transportation and processing. Very poor mobility of the heavy oils, due to very high viscosities, significantly affects production and transportation. Techniques for viscosity reduction, drag reduction and in-situ upgrading of the crude oil to improve the flow characteristics in pipelines are presented in this book. The heavier and complex molecules of asphaltenes with low H/C ratios present many technological challenges during the refining of the crude oil, such as heavy coking on catalysts. Hydrogen addition and carbon removal are the two approaches used to improve the recovery of value-added products such as gasoline and diesel. In addition, the heavy crude oil needs pre-treatment to remove the high levels of impurities before the crude oil can be refined. This book introduces the major challenges and some of the methods to overcome them.
AI and Learning Systems
Author: Konstantinos Kyprianidis
language: en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date: 2021-02-17
Over the last few years, interest in the industrial applications of AI and learning systems has surged. This book covers the recent developments and provides a broad perspective of the key challenges that characterize the field of Industry 4.0 with a focus on applications of AI. The target audience for this book includes engineers involved in automation system design, operational planning, and decision support. Computer science practitioners and industrial automation platform developers will also benefit from the timely and accurate information provided in this work. The book is organized into two main sections comprising 12 chapters overall: •Digital Platforms and Learning Systems •Industrial Applications of AI
Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering
This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 9th International Work-Conference on IWBBIO 2020, held in Maspalomas, Gran Canaria, Spain, in June 2022. The total of 75 papers presented in the proceedings, was carefully reviewed and selected from 212 submissions. The papers cover the latest ideas and realizations in the foundations, theory, models, and applications for interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research encompassing disciplines of computer science, mathematics, statistics, biology, bioinformatics, and biomedicine.