Lithium Niobate Nanophotonics
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Lithium Niobate Nanophotonics
Photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technology holds great potential for breaking through the bottlenecks in current photonic and optoelectronic networks. Recently, a revolution has been witnessed in the field of lithium niobate (LN) photonics. Over the past decade, nanoscale LN waveguides with a propagation loss of ~0.01 dB and a radius of curvature on the level of ~100 μm have been demonstrated. The revolution mainly benefits from two technological advancements, the maturity of lithium-niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) technology and the innovation of nanofabrication approaches of high-quality LNOI photonic structures. Using low-loss waveguides and high-quality-factor (high-Q) microresonators produced on the LNOI platform as building blocks, various integrated photonic devices have been demonstrated with unprecedented performances. The breakthroughs have reshaped the landscape of the LN industry. This is the first monograph on LN nanophotonics enabled by the LNOI platform. It comprehensively reviews the development of fabrication technology, investigations on nonlinear optical processes, and demonstrations of electro-optical devices, as well as applications in quantum light sources, spectroscopy, sensing, and microwave-to-optical wave conversion. The book begins with an overview of the technological evolution of PICs, justifying the motivation for developing LNOI photonics. The next four chapters focus on LNOI photonics. The book concludes with a summary of the milestone achievements discussed in these chapters and provides a future perspective of this area of research.
Integrated Nanophotonics
Integrated Nanophotonics Helps readers understand the important advances in nanophotonics materials development and their latest applications This book introduces the current state of and emerging trends in the development of integrated nanophotonics. Written by three well-qualified authors, it systematically reviews the knowledge of integrated nanophotonics from theory to the most recent technological developments. It also covers the applications of integrated nanophotonics in essential areas such as neuromorphic computing, biosensing, and optical communications. Lastly, it brings together the latest advancements in the key principles of photonic integrated circuits, plus the recent advances in tackling the barriers in photonic integrated circuits. Sample topics included in this comprehensive resource include: Platforms for integrated nanophotonics, including lithium niobate nanophotonics, indium phosphide nanophotonics, silicon nanophotonics, and nonlinear optics for integrated photonics The devices and technologies for integrated nanophotonics in on-chip light sources, optical packaging of photonic integrated circuits, optical interconnects, and light processing devices Applications on neuromorphic computing, biosensing, LIDAR, and computing for AI and artificial neural network and deep learning Materials scientists, physicists, and physical chemists can use this book to understand the totality of cutting-edge theory, research, and applications in the field of integrated nanophotonics.
Nonlinear Nanophotonics in Lithium Niobate
"With the rapid development of integrated photonics, multiple material platforms, including silicon, silica, diamond, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, and gallium arsenide, have been widely studied for photonic applications on a chip scale. Particularly, integrated platforms have attracted considerable attention in nonlinear optics, due to boosted nonlinear optical interactions induced by the tight optical confinement. Over the past few decades, lithium niobate (LiNbO3 or LN), with its intriguing material properties, has been extensively studied for nonlinear optics. Recent advances in wafer bonding and etching technology have enabled the fabrication of high-quality LN nanophotonic devices, which have the potential for nonlinear optics with high efficiencies and novel functionalities. This thesis is devoted to the development of nonlinear optical applications based on the LN integrated photonic platform. This thesis starts with a discussion of the thermo-optic property of LN, which is essential for realizing and tuning phase matching in nonlinear optical processes. The large thermo-optic birefringence of LN enables the demonstration of a self-referenced temperature sensor based on a microdisk resonator, exhibiting both a high sensitivity and a high resolution. The large thermo-optic birefringence is further exploited to demonstrate thermally tunable second-harmonic generation in an LN nanophotonic waveguide, which simultaneously achieves a large tuning slope and a high conversion efficiency. In order to further increase the efficiency, semi-nonlinear nanophotonic waveguides are proposed and demonstrated as a universal design principle, which offers a large mode overlap by breaking the spatial symmetry of the optical nonlinearity, resulting in extremely efficient optical parametric generation. Optical microresonators are widely employed to enhance nonlinear optical interactions. This thesis continues on to present applications of LN microresonators in nonlinear optics. First, cavity-enhanced secondharmonic generation and difference-frequency generation are demonstrated in an LN microring resonator with modal phase matching. Then, cyclic phase matching, due to the material anisotropy, is utilized in an X-cut LN microdisk to realize spontaneous parametric down-conversion with an extremely large bandwidth. Finally, Kerr frequency comb generation is demonstrated in an LN microring resonator with an optical quality factor of 2.5 million."--Pages xiv-xv.