Linguistics Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors
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Linguistics Question Bank UGC NTA NET Assistant Professors
Author: Mocktime Publication
language: en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date: 101-01-01
Chpater 1. Nature of Language: Language in spoken and written modes, language as written text—philological and literary notions i.e., norm, purity and their preservation; language as a cultural heritage—codification and transmission of cultural knowledge and be (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 2. Ancient and Semiotic Approaches to Language Study: Ancient approaches to the study of language: Indian and Greco-Roman, semiotic approach— interpretation of sign; language as a system of social behaviour—use of language in family, community and country; language as a system of communication—communicative functions—emotive, conative, referential, poetic, metalinguistic and phatic. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 3. Cognitive Approaches and Saussurean Dichotomies: Language as a cognitive system; relation with culture and thought (Linguistic Relativity); Saussurean dichotomies: signifier and signified, langue and parole, synchronic and diachronic, syntagmatic and paradigmatic. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 4. Language Analysis and Interdisciplinary Relevance: Levels and their hierarchy—phonetic/phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic/pragmatic; their interrelations; linguistic units and their distribution at different levels; notions of contrast and complementation; -emic and -etic categorisation; notion of rule at different levels; description vs. explanation of grammatical facts. Relevance of Linguistics to other fields of enquiry—Philosophy, Anthropology, Sociology, Neurology, Speech Sciences, Geography, Psychology, Education, Computer Science and Literature. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 5. Foundations of Phonetics and Articulatory Processes: Phonetics as a study of speech sounds: articulatory, auditory, and acoustic phonetics. Articulatory Phonetics: Processes of speech production: airstream process, oro-nasal process, phonation process, and articulatory process; classification of speech sounds: vowels and consonants, cardinal vowels (primary and secondary); complex articulation: secondary articulation, coarticulation; syllable; suprasegmentals—length, stress, tone, intonation and juncture; phonetic transcription: International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 6. Acoustic Phonetics: Sound Waves and Speech Cues: Sound waves— simple and complex, periodic and aperiodic; harmonics; frequency and fundamental frequency, amplitude, duration; resonance, filters, spectrum, spectrogram; formants, transition, burst; voice onset time; aspiration; noise spectra; cues for speech sounds: vowel (monophthong and diphthong), semivowel, stop, fricative, nasal, lateral, glide, places of articulation of consonants. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 7. Descriptive Phonology: Phonemes and Phonemic Analysis: Phonetics vs. phonology; concept of phoneme, phone and allophone; principles of phonemic analysis— phonetic similarity, contrastive distribution, complementary distribution, free variation, pattern congruity; notions of biuniqueness, neutralization and archiphoneme. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 8. Generative Phonology: Rules, Features, and Theories: Linear and non-linear approaches: levels of phonological representation; phonological rules; distinctive features (major class, manner, place, etc.); abstractness controversy; rule ordering and types of rule ordering, markedness; principles of lexical phonology; principles of optimality theory. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 9. Basic Morphological Concepts and Morpheme Types: Scope and nature of morphology; concepts of morpheme, morph, allomorph, zero allomorph, conditions on allomorphs; lexeme and word; Types of morphemes—free and bound; root, stem, base, suffix, infix, prefix, portmanteau morpheme, suppletive, replacive; affixes vs. clitics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 10. Grammatical Categories and Models of Morphological Description: Grammatical categories – tense, aspect, mood, person, gender, number, case; case markers and case relations; pre- and post-positions; models of morphological description: item and arrangement, item and process, word and paradigm. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 11. Morphological Analysis and Initial Word-Formation Processes: Identification of morphemes; morphological alternation; morphophonemic processes; internal and external sandhi; inflection vs. derivation; conjugation and declension. Derivation (primary vs. secondary derivation, nominalization, verbalization, etc.), compounding (types of compounds: endocentric, exocentric, etc.). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 12. Further Word-Formation Processes and Morpho-syntax: Reduplication, back-formation, conversion, clipping, blending, acronyms, folk etymology, creativity and productivity, blocking, bracketing paradoxes, constraints on affix ordering. Morpho-syntax: Nominalization and lexicalist hypothesis; grammatical function changing rules: causatives, passives. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 13. Traditional and Structural Syntax: Units and Relations: Parts of speech: Indian classification (naama, aakhyaata, upasarga, nipaata); basic syntactic units and their types: word, phrase, clause, sentence, karaka relations; grammatical relations and case relations; construction types (exocentric, endocentric, etc.), immediate constituent analysis. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 14. Generative Syntax: Foundations, Principles, and Theories: Parameters and universal grammar, null subject parameter, innateness hypothesis, meaning of the term 'generative', transformational generative grammar, structure and structure-dependence, diagnostics for structure; complements and adjuncts, principles and parameters theory, X-bar theory, theta theory, binding theory. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 15. Generative Syntax: Movement Phenomena and Advanced Concepts: Pro-drop, NP-movement, wh-movement, head movement, adjunction and substitution, constraints on movement, subjacency, government and proper government, small clauses, topicalization; unergatives and unaccusatives, VP-internal subject hypothesis; split VP and VP-shell hypothesis, cross-over phenomena; checking theory of case, copy theory of movement, inclusiveness principle. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 16. Minimalist Programme and Transformational Components: Some Key Concepts in the Minimalist Programme: Spell-out, greed, procrastination, last resort, AGR-based case theory, multiple-spec hypothesis, strong and weak features; interpretable and noninterpretable features. Transformational Components: The copy theory of movement, its properties, checking devices and features of convergence. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 17. Semantics: Types of Meaning and Sense Relations: Types of meaning; descriptive, emotive and phatic; sense and reference, connotation and denotation, sense relations (homonymy, hyponymy, antonymy, synonymy, etc.); types of opposition (taxonomic, polar, etc.); ambiguity, sentence meaning and truth conditions, contradictions, entailment; ‘abhidha’, ‘laksana’, ‘vyanjana’. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 18. Semantics: Formal Notions, Propositions, and Compositionality: Notions of membership, union, intersection, cardinality; mapping and functions; propositions, truth values, sentential connectives; arguments, predicates, quantifiers, variables; componential analysis; definiteness, mood and modality, specific vs. generic; definite and indefinite; compositionality and its limitations. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 19. Pragmatics: Language Use in Context and Communication Models: Language use in context; communication: message model and inferential model of communication, sentence meaning and utterance meaning; speech acts. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 20. Pragmatics: Deixis, Implicature, and Discourse Structure: Deixis; presupposition and implicature: Gricean maxims; information structure; indexicals, politeness, power and solidarity, discourse analysis. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 21. Sound Change: Neogrammarian Laws and Types of Changes: Neogrammarian laws of phonetic change: Grimm’s, Verner’s, Grassmann’s Laws; genesis and spread of sound change; split and merger; conditioned vs. unconditioned change; types of changes—phonetic vs. phonemic changes; assimilation and dissimilation, coalescence, metathesis, deletion, epenthesis; lexical diffusion of sound change. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 22. Analogy, Sociolinguistic Approaches to Sound Change, and Morphosyntactic/Semantic Change: Analogy and its relationship to sound change; reconstructing the proto-stages of languages; tree and wave models; relative chronology of different changes. Sociolinguistic approach to language change: social motivation of language change; study of sound change in progress. Morphosyntactic and Semantic Change: Phonological change leading to changes in morphology and syntax; syncretism, grammaticalisation and lexicalisation; principles of recovering grammatical categories and contrasts; semantic change and processes of semantic change—extension, narrowing, figurative speech. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 23. Linguistic Reconstruction Methods and Principles: External vs. internal reconstruction: comparative method, collection of cognates, establishing phonological correspondences; reconstruction of the phonemes of the proto-language based on contrast and complementation; morphophonemic alternations as the source for reconstruction; recovering historical contrasts by comparing, alternating and non-alternating paradigms; accounting for exceptions to sound change— analogy, borrowing, onomatopoeia, the interplay of analogy and sound change; lexicostatistics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 24. Language Contact, Borrowing, and Dialect Geography: Linguistic borrowing, lexical and structural; motivations, loan translation, loan blend, calque, assimilated and unassimilated loans: tadbhava and tatsama; different types of borrowing-- cultural, intimate and dialect; classification of loanwords; impact of borrowing on language; pidgins and creoles; bilingualism as the source for borrowing; dialect geography: dialect atlas; isogloss; focal area, transition area and relic area. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 25. Basic Sociolinguistic Concepts and Language in Society: Sociolinguistics and sociology of language; micro-and macro approaches to language in society; linguistic repertoire: language, dialect, sociolect, idiolect; diglossia, taboo, slang; elaborated and restricted codes; speech community, communicative competence, ethnography of speaking; language of wider communication; lingua franca; language and social inequality; language in diaspora; new linguistic world orders. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 26. Linguistic Variability and Outcomes of Language Contact: Patterns in linguistic variation, linguistic variables and their co-variation with linguistic dimensions, social class / social network / age / gender/ ethnicity; language loyalty, social identity and social attitudes, stereotypes. Language Contact: Bilingualism, multilingualism; code-mixing and code-switching; outcomes of language contact: language maintenance, borrowing, convergence, substratum effect, pidginization and creolization; language loss. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 27. Language Development Planning and Language Ecology/Endangerment: Language planning, corpus and status planning, standardisation and modernisation; language movements – state and societal interventions; script development and modifications; linguistic minorities and their problems. Language Ecology and Endangerment: Superdiversity; linguistic landscaping, linguistic vitality, language endangerment, parameters of endangerment, documentation of endangered languages, revitalisation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 28. Sociolinguistic Methodology: Data Collection and Analysis: Sampling and tools; identification of sociolinguistic variables and their variants; data processing and interpretation; quantitative analysis of data; variable rules; ethnomethodology; participant observation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 29. Language Typology, Universals, and Linguistic Relatedness Classifications: Language typology and language universals; morphological types of languages— agglutinative, analytical (isolating), synthetic fusional (inflecting), infixing and polysynthetic (incorporating) languages; formal and substantive universals, absolute and statistical universals; implicational and non-implicational universals; linguistic relatedness—genetic, typological and areal classification of languages. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 30. Approaches to Typological Study and Salient Features of South Asian Language Families: Inductive vs deductive approaches; universals of language and parametric variation; word order typology; Greenberg's characteristics for verb final and verb medial languages and related features in the context of South Asian Languages. Salient Features of South Asian Languages: Phonetic, phonological, morphological, and syntactic features of Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic, and Tibeto-Burman language families of South Asia; Linguistic Survey of India as a source of information; contact induced typological change; convergence and syntactic change. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 31. India as a Linguistic Area: Concept and Defining Features: The notion of linguistic area; language contact and convergence with special reference to the concept of 'India as a Linguistic Area'; features of retroflexion, vowel harmony, aspiration, reduplication, echo formation, onomatopoeia, explicator compound verbs, anaphora. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 32. India as a Sociolinguistic and Semantic Area, and Microlinguistic Areas: India as a sociolinguistic area, India as a semantic area; notion of microlinguistic area. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 33. Psycholinguistics: Basic Concepts, Theoretical Orientations, and Language Processing: Basic issues in psycholinguistics, brain language relationship, the different theoretical orientations: empiricist-behaviourist, biological-nativist, and cognitive-interactionalist, biological foundations of language; language acquisition and stages; critical period hypothesis. Language Processing: The processes of perception, comprehension and production; evidence of language production; steps in comprehension; mental representation of language and lexicon; relationship between comprehension and production. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 34. Clinical Psycholinguistics and Foundations of Language Learning/Teaching: Clinical Psycholinguistics: Normal and pathological language; aphasia; dyslexia; stuttering; language in the hearing-impaired; language in mental retardation. Language Teaching and Language Learning: First and second language learning; behaviouristic and cognitive theories of language learning; social and psychological aspects of second language acquisition. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 35. Language Teaching: Methods, Materials, Aids, Testing, and Interlanguage: Methods of language teaching; materials and teaching-aids in language teaching; computer assisted language teaching (CALT); language testing: types of tests; validity, reliability and standardization of tests; Interlanguage. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 36. Language Teaching Analysis, Syllabus Design, and Contrastive Analysis: Goals of language teaching; factors in the preparation of a language teaching syllabus: linguistic theory, social and psychological factors, needs analysis, class-room presentation; text-book evaluation; types of syllabus: structural, communicative, notional; the role of the teacher and teacher training; role of self-access packages; socio-linguistic and psychological aspects of language teaching and learning. Contrastive Analysis: Error analysis and interlanguage; basic interpersonal communicative skills (BICS) and cognitive advanced language proficiency (CALP). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 37. Translation: Principles, Processes, and Types: Paraphrase, translation and transcreation; translation of literary text and technical text; use of linguistics in translation; linguistic affinity and translatability; untranslatability; units of translation; equivalence of meaning and style; translation loss and gain; problems of cultural terms; scientific terms; idioms, metaphors and proverbs; false friends and translation shifts; evaluation of translation; fidelity and readability; types of translation—simultaneous interpretation, machine aided translation, media translation (dubbing, copyediting, advertisement, slogans, jingles, etc.) (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 38. Lexicography: Dictionary Making and Types of Dictionaries: Making of a Dictionary: Linguistics and lexicography, dictionary entries— arrangement of information; meaning descriptions—synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, antonymy and hyponymy; treatment of technical terms vs. general words. Types of Dictionaries: Literary, scientific and technical; comprehensive and concise, monolingual and bilingual; general and learner's; historical and etymological, dictionary of idioms and phrases, encyclopaedic dictionary, electronic dictionary, reverse dictionary, thesaurus and other distinguishing purposes and features of various types; computational lexicography. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 39. Computational Linguistics: NLP, Corpus Linguistics, and Indian Initiatives: Artificial intelligence and language; natural language processing (NLP); computational linguistics and its relation to allied disciplines; machine language; parsing and generation; parsers; compilers; interpreters—information processing, structuring and manipulating data; corpus building; attempts of NLP and corpus work in India: Anus?raka parsing: morphological recognizers, analyzers and generators for Indian languages; designing code, building of machine translation systems (MTS); hyper grammars, building of word nets, The Kolhapur Corpus of Indian English, the TDIL Corpus Project. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 40. Stylistics and Language in Mass Media: Style— individual style, period style; style as choice, style as deviation, style as ‘r?ti’, style as ‘alank?ra’; style as ‘vyanjan?’ (‘vakrokti’); Foregrounding; Parallelism; Text as grammar: structure and texture, cohesion and coherence; semiotic aspects of a literary text; stylistics of discourse; levels of stylistic analysis—phonological, lexical, syntactic and semantic; stylistic devices in literary texts. Language and Media: Mass media: print and electronic, types of language used in mass media: news, editorials, advertising, writing and editing for print and electronic media, impact of mass media on language. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics)
Tribal And Regional Language Question Bank UGC NTA NET Assistant Professors
Author: Mocktime Publication
language: en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date: 101-01-01
Chpater 1. Definition of Ethnology and its structure, Scope of Study, Main Branches, Utility Field of Study. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 2. Relation with other subjects, Modern attitudes, concept of culture and change social system. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 3. Economy, religious System, effects of Industrialization and urbanization on tribal development. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 4. Theory of Ethnology: Ethnological study of Tribal and Sadan of Jharkhand and neighbour State. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 5. Definition of Linguistics, Field of Linguistics and kind of Linguistics, Branches of the Study of Linguistics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 6. Theory of origin of Language, Nature of Language and its characteristics, utility of Language. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 7. Development of Language, change and its reasons, Different form of language, classification of languages: Familiar and structural classification. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 8. Phonetics, Morphology, Semantics, Syntax, Scripts, Lexicography, Theory of Linguistics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 9. Linguistic Study of Tribal & Regional languages of Jharkhand and its neighbour state, present problems and directions of solution, Tradition of Study, co-relations of Tribal & Regional Languages and study of effects. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 10. General introduction of Ancient Indian Literature-Vedas, Puraan, Upanisads, Epics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 11. Jain Literature, Buddhist Literature, Odia Literature and Bengla Literature and other Literature. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 12. Ancient and Medieval Indian Literature-Siddha and Nath Literature; Introduction of Medieval Indian Literature, Bhakti Movement (Alwar Saint, Sagun Bhakti, Nirgun Bhakti, Ram Margi, Krishna Margi, Suphi Saint). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 13. Main Poets and study of Riteekalin Poets and their Poetry. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 14. Modern indian literature-introduction of rahasyavad, chhayavad, pargativad and prayogvad; Pre independence and post independence prose and poetry, main poets, authors and their works and contribution. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 15. Definition of literature, and characteristics, elements of literature, subject matter, feelings, bases of poetic forms. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 16. Different-poetic forms-Geet, kavya, kavita, khand kavya, drama, novel, story, Essay, short play, oneact play, jivni, reportaz. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 17. Samichha, Aalochana, sabda chitra, samaalochana ke swaroop and study of structral forms. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 18. Indian kavya sastra-sabd Shakti, rasa nirupan, sadharni karan, kavya guna, kavya dosh. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 19. Anlankar-anuprash, yamak, shlesh, vakroyukti, upma, rupak, bharantiman, sandeh, uttprechha, atisayokti, virodhavas, etc.; Chhand-Doha, Chaupai, malini, mandakranta, etc. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 20. Concept of Folk literature, characteristics; different forms of folk literature- Folk song, folk tale, lok gatha, myth, legend. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 21. Folk drama, folk dance; Prakirn sahitya- indioms and phrases, lokokti (proverb), paheli. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 22. Mantras and its characteristics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 23. Difference between folk literature and written literature, importance of folk literature and folk culture. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 24. Definitions of culture, importance, characteristics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 25. Festivals, yatras, mela, food, living style. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 26. Social structure, economical structure, cultural structure, religious structure. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 27. Behavior, custums etc. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 28. Traditional music of Tribal & Regional language areas, Raag-Raagini; style of dance (Different forms of dance). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 29. Musical Instruments and performing arts in A.I.R. and Durdarshan; Theory and role of Performance and Broadcasting. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 30. Chitra kala (Bhiti Chitra, Kohbar Kala, Sohrai Penting), murti kala, clay art. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 31. Bamboo art, Wood craft, stone art, metal art, silk art, Architect, Paak- Kala and other arts. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 32. Study of structure and form of writing of song, poetry, khand kavya & Epic, muktak kavya, etc. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 33. Study of Ancient, medieval, and modern poets, development and introduction of their authors. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 34. Introduction of song and singers. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 35. Development of prose literature, story, drama, novel, Essay, yatra vritant, sansmaran, rekha chitra. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 36. Alochana, samalochana, samichha, jivni, Reportaz etc. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 37. Study of their structure and form of writting. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 38. Birsa Munda, Bir Budhubagat, Tilka Manjhi, sido kanhu, Chand Bhairo, Shekh Bhikari, Nilamber-Pitamber, Telanga kharia, N.E. Horo, poto sardar. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 39. Binod Bihari Mahto, Lado Jonko, Kartik Oraon, Jaipal Singh Munda, Pandit Raghunath Murmu, Lakho Bodra, Dr. Ramdayal Munda, Paramveer Albert Ekka. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature) Chpater 40. Ramdas Tudu, Sadhu Ram Chand Murmu etc. and their life story, kritiyan and contribution. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Tribal And Regional Language / Literature)
Philosophy Question Bank UGC NTA NET Assistant Professors
Author: Mocktime Publication
language: en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date: 101-01-01
Chpater 1. Vedic and Upani?adic Foundations: Exploration of ?ta – the cosmic order, the divine and the human realms; the centrality of the institution of yaj?a (sacrifice), theories of creation, ?tman – Self (and not – self), the states of consciousness J?grat, (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 2. C?rv?ka and Jainism: C?rv?ka's assertion of Pratyak?a as the only pram??a, its critique of anum?na and ?abda, and view of Consciousness as epi-phenomenon; Jainism's Concept of reality – sat, dravya, gu?a, pary?ya, Jiva, ajiva, doctrines of anek?ntav?da, sy?dv?da and nayav?da, and its theory of knowledge. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 3. Buddhism – Core Tenets and Schools: The Four Noble Truths, ?stangika M?rga, the Distinction between Brahmi?ic and ?raminic traditions, key doctrines of Pratityasamutp?da, k?a?abhahgav?da, an?tmav?da, and an overview of the Schools of Buddhism: Vaibh??ika, Sautr?ntika, Yogac?ra, M?dhyamika and Tibetan Buddhism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 4. Ny?ya and Vai?e?ika Systems: Ny?ya's concepts of Pram? and apram?, Theories of pram??a: pratyak?a, anum?na, upamana, ?abda, Hetvabh?sa, Concept of God, the Debate between Buddhism and Ny?ya about Pram??a-Vyavasth? and Pram??a Samplava, and the theory of Anyath?khyati; Vai?e?ika's Concept of pad?rtha and its kinds, Asatk?ryav?da, Kinds of K?ra?a: samav?yi, asamav?yi, and nimitta k?ra?a, and parama?ukara?av?da. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 5. S??khya, Yoga, Purva–Mim??s?, and Ved?nta Overview: S??khya's Satk?ryav?da, prak?ti and its evolutes, arguments for the existence of prak?ti, nature of puru?a, arguments for the existence and plurality of puru?a, relationship between puru?a and prak?ti, and atheism; Yoga's Pata?jali’s Theory of Pram??a, concept of ?itta and ?itta–v?tti, stages of ?ittbhumi, and the role of God in Yoga; Purva–Mim??s?'s Pram??yav?da: Svatah-pram??yav?da and Paratah-pram??yavada, ?ruti and its importance, classification of ?ruti-v?kyas (vidhi, ni?edha and arthav?da), dharma, bh?van?, ?abda-nityav?da, J?ti, ?aktivada, Kum?rila and Prabh?kara Schools of Mim??sa and their major points of difference, triputi–samvit, j?atat?, abh?va and anupalabdhi, anvitadbhidhanav?da, abhihitanvayav?da, Theories of error: Akhy?ti, Viparitakhy?ti, and atheism; Ved?nta – Advaita: Brahma?, relation between Brahma? and ?tman, three grades of satt?, Adhy?sa, m?ya, Jiva, Vivartav?da, Anirvachniya-khy?ti; Vi?i?t?dvaita: Sagu?a Brahma?, refutation of m?ya, aprthaksiddhi, pari??mav?da, Jiva, bhakti and prapatti, Brahma-Pari??mav?da, Sat-khy?ti; Dvaita: Rejection of nirgu?a brahma? and m?ya, bheda and s?ksi, bhakti; Dvaitavaita: Concept of J??naswaroop, kinds of inanimate; Sudhadvaita: Concept of Avikrta-pari??mav?da. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 6. Pre-Socratic Philosophy, Sophists, and Socrates: Examination of Pre-Socratic Philosophers: Thales, Anaxagoras, Anaximenies, Ionians, Pythagoras, Parmenides, Heraclitus and Democritus, alongside The Sophists and Socrates. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 7. Plato and Aristotle: Plato’s Theory of knowledge, concepts of knowledge and opinion, theory of Ideas, the method of dialectic, and views on soul and God; Aristotle’s Classification of the sciences (the theoretical, the practical and the productive), logic as an organon, critique of Plato’s theory of Ideas, theory of causation, form and matter, potentiality and actuality, and views on soul and God. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 8. Medieval Philosophy and Early Modern Rationalism (Descartes): Medieval Philosophy featuring St. Augustine: Problem of Evil; St. Anselm: Ontological argument; St. Thomas Aquinas: Faith and Reason, Essence and Existence, the Existence of God; Modern Western Philosophy with Descartes: Conception of method, Criteria of truth, doubt and methodological scepticism, cogito ergo sum, innate ideas, Cartesian dualism: mind and matter, proofs for the existence of God, and interactionism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 9. Later Modern Rationalism (Spinoza, Leibnitz) and Early Empiricism (Locke): Spinoza’s concepts of Substance, Attribute and Mode, the concept of ‘God or Nature’, Intellectual love of God, parallelism, pantheism, and three orders of knowing; Leibnitz’s Monadology, truths of reason and fact, innateness of ideas, proofs for the existence of God, principles of non–contradiction, sufficient reason and identity of indiscernibles, the doctrine of pre-established harmony, and problem of freedom; Locke’s exploration of Ideas and their classification, refutation of innate ideas, theory of substance, distinction between primary and secondary qualities, theory of knowledge, and three grades of knowledge. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 10. Later Empiricism (Berkeley, Hume) and German Idealism (Kant, Hegel): Berkeley’s Rejection of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities, immaterialism, critique of abstract ideas, esse est percipi, the problem of solipcism, and concepts of God and self; Hume’s analysis of Impressions and ideas, knowledge concerning relations of ideas and knowledge concerning matters of fact, induction and causality, the external world and the self, personal identity, rejection of metaphysics, scepticism, and the roles of reason and the passions; Kant’s critical philosophy, classification of judgements, possibility of synthetic a priori judgements, the Copernican revolution, forms of sensibility, categories of understanding, the metaphysical and the transcendental deduction of the categories, phenomenon and noumenon, the Ideas of Reason – soul, God and world as a whole, and rejection of speculative metaphysics; Hegel’s conception of Geist (spirit), the dialectical method, concepts of being, non–being and becoming, absolute idealism, and concept of Freedom. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 11. Core Ethical Concepts in Indian Thought: Understanding of Purus?rtha, ?reyas and Preyas, Var??shrama, Dharma, S?dh?ra?a Dharma, ?na and yaj?a, and the Concept of duty. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 12. Karma, Action, and Associated Doctrines: Exploration of Karma-yoga, Sthitpraj?a, Svadharma, Lokasa?graha, Apurva and Ad??ta, S?dhya-S?dhana, and Itikartavyata. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 13. Foundations of Indian Ethical Systems: The Law of Karma and its ethical implications, the concepts of ?ta and Satya, Yoga-k?ema, and the principles of Ast?nga Yoga. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 14. Ethical Frameworks in Jainism, Buddhism, and C?rv?ka: Jainism’s concepts of Samvara-nirjar?, Tri-rat?a, Panch-vrata; Buddhism’s Up?ya-Kaushal, Brahma-vih?ra (matri, karu??, mudit?, upeksha), and the ideal of bodhisattva; C?rv?ka’s Hedonism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 15. Fundamental Concepts in Western Ethics: Definitions and discussions of Good, right, justice, duty, obligation, cardinal virtues, Eudaemonism, and Intuition as explained in Teleological and Deontological Theories. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 16. Ethical Positions and Theories: Examination of Egoism, Altruism, Universalism, Subjectivism, Cultural Relativism, Super-naturalism, Ethical realism and Intuitionism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 17. Kantian Ethics and Utilitarianism: Kant’s moral theory, including Postulates of morality, Good-will, Categorical Imperative, Duty, Mean and ends, and Maxims; Utilitarianism, covering the principle of utility, problem of sanction and justification of morality, kinds of utilitarianism, and the Moral theories of Bentham, J. S. Mill, and Sidgwick. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 18. Theories of Punishment and Meta-Ethical Debates: Analysis of Theories of Punishment; Ethical cognitivism and non-cognitivism, encompassing Emotivism, Prescriptivism, and Descriptivism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 19. Vivekananda, Aurobindo, and Iqbal: Swami Vivekananda’s Practical Vedanta, Universal Religion, Religious Experience, Religious Rituals; Sri Aurobindo’s concepts of Evolution, mind and supermind, Integral Yoga; Muhammad Iqbal’s ideas on Self, God, man and superman, Intellect and Intuition. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 20. Tagore, K. C. Bhattacharyya, and Radhakrishnan: Rabindranath Tagore’s Religion of man, ideas on education, Concept of Nationalism; K. C. Bhattacharyya’s Swaraj in ideas, Concept of Philosophy, subject as Freedom, the doctrine of Maya; Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan’s views on Intellect and intuition, the Idealist view of life, concept of Universal Religion, and the Hindu view of life. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 21. Krishnamurti, Gandhi, and Ambedkar: J. Krishnamurti’s Conception of thought, Freedom from the known, analysis of self, Choiceless awareness; Mahatma Gandhi’s principles of Truth, Non-violence, satyagraha, swaraj, and critique of modern civilization; Bhim Rao Ambedkar’s Annihilation of caste, philosophy of Hinduism, and Neo-Buddhism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 22. Upadhyaya, Narayana Guru, Thiruvalluvar, Phule, Roy, Azad, Bhima Bhoi, and Dayanand Saraswati: Deendayal Upadhyaya’s Integral Humanism, Advaita Vedanta, Purusartha; Narayana Guru’s ideas on the spiritual freedom and social equality, one caste, one religion, one God; Thiruvalluvar’s Tirukkural; Jyotiba Phule’s Critical understanding of Caste-system; M. N. Roy’s Radical Humanism, Materialism; Maulana Azad’s Humanism; Sant Kabi Bhima Bhoi’s Socio–Ethnical perspective of Mahima Dharma; Swami Dayanand Saraswati’s Reconciliation of the six systems of Indian Philosophy, Traitavada - (God, Self and Nature). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 23. Foundations of Analytic Philosophy and Early Responses: Frege’s distinction between Sense and Reference; Logical Positivism’s Verification theory of meaning, Elimination of metaphysics, and concept of Philosophy; G.E. Moore’s Distinction between Sense and Reference, Refutation of Idealism, Defense of commonsense, and Proof of an External World. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 24. Developments in Logical and Language Analysis: Bertrand Russell’s Logical Atomism, Definite Descriptions, Refutation of Idealism; Ludwig Wittgenstein’s exploration of Language and Reality, Facts and objects, names and propositions, the picture theory, critique of private language, meaning and use, forms of life, notion of philosophy, Wittgensteinian Fideism, and On Certainty. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 25. Later Analytic Philosophy and Critiques of Empiricism: Gilbert Ryle’s concepts of Systematically misleading expressions, category mistake, concept of mind, and critique of Cartesian dualism; A. J. Ayer’s The Problem of Knowledge; W.V.O. Quine’s Two Dogmas of Empiricism; H.P. Grice and P.F. Strawson’s In Defense of a dogma. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 26. Phenomenology, Existentialism, Pragmatism, and Post-Modernism: Husserl’s Phenomenological Method, Philosophy as a rigorous science, Intentionality, Phenomenological Reduction, Inter-subjectivity; Heidegger’s The concept of Being (Dasein), Man as being in the world, critique of technological civilization; Kierkegaard’s Subjectivity as Truth, Leap of faith; Sartre’s Concept of Freedom, Bad-faith, Humanism; Merleau-Ponty’s ideas on Perception, Embodied Consciousness; William James’ Pragmatic Theories of Meaning and Truth, Varieties of Religious experience; John Dewey’s Concept of Truth, Common-faith, education; Nietzsche’s Critique of Enlightenment, Will to Power, Genealogy of Moral; Richard Rorty’s Critique of representationalism, Against Epistemological method, Edifying Philosophy; Immanuel Levinas’ Ethics as a first philosophy, Philosophy of ‘other’. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 27. Classical Indian Political Thought (Mahabharata, Kautilya): Mahabharata’s Danda-niti, foundations, Rajdharma, Law and Governance, Narada’s Questions to King Yudhisthir; Kautilya’s concepts of Sovereignty, Seven Pillars of State-craft, State, Society, Social-life, State administration, State economy, law and justice, internal security, welfare and external affairs. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 28. Indian Political Concepts and Constitutionalism: Kamandaki’s views on Social order and State elements; The principles of Constitutional Morality, Secularism and Fundamental Rights; The concept of Constitutionalism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 29. Modern Indian Social and Political Movements/Ideologies: Concepts of Total revolution, terrorism, Swadeshi, Satyagraha, Sarvodaya, Social Democracy, State Socialism, Affirmative Action, and Social Justice. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 30. Social Institutions in India and the Impact of Colonialism: Examination of Social Institutions: Family, Marriage, property, education and religion; The historical and philosophical implications of Colonialism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 31. Classical and Social Contract Theories: Plato’s concepts of Ideal State and Justice; The Social Contract Theory as articulated by Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 32. Liberalism and Theories of Justice: Isaiah Berlin’s Conceptions of Liberty; Bernard Williams’ Idea of Equality; Liberalism, including Rawls’ theory of Distributive justice, Nozick’s concept of Justice as Entitlement, Dworkin’s view of Justice as equality; Amartya Sen’s ideas on Global Justice, Freedom and Capability. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 33. Marxism and Communitarianism: Marxism, covering Dialectical Materialism, Alienation, Critique of Capitalism, Doctrine of Class Struggle and Classless Society; Communitarianism, including the Communitarian critique of liberal self, Universalism Vs. Particularism, and the theories of Charles Taylor, MacIntyre, and Michael Sandel. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 34. Multiculturalism and Feminism: Multiculturalism, featuring Charles Taylor’s Politics of recognition and Will Kymlicka’s conception of Minority Rights; Feminism, including Basic Concepts: Patriarchy, misogyny, Gender, and Theories of Feminism: Liberal, Socialist, radical and eco-feminism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 35. Fundamental Logical Concepts and Syllogisms: Understanding Truth and Validity, Denotation and Connotation, Nature of Propositions, Categorical Syllogism, Laws of thought, Classification of Propositions, and the Square of Opposition. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 36. Propositional Logic and Quantification: Exploration of Truth-Functions and Propositional Logic, Quantification and Rules of Quantification, and the use of symbols in Symbolic Logic. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 37. Decision Procedures and Fallacies in Logic: Application of Decision Procedures: Truth Table, Using Truth-Tables for testing the validity of arguments, Venn Diagram; Identification of informal and formal Fallacies. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 38. Advanced Logical Concepts and Systems: Methods for Proving Validity, understanding Argument and Argument-form, the nature of an Axiomatic System, Consistency, Completeness, and the Differences between Deductive and Inductive Logic. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 39. Introduction to Applied Philosophy and Philosophy of Technology: Defining What is applied Philosophy?; Philosophy of Technology, examining technology, dominance, power and social inequalities, Democratization of Technology, and Public evaluation of science and technology. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy) Chpater 40. Ethics in Specific Domains: Technology, Environment, Medical, Professional, Media, Legal, and Counseling: Ethical Implication of information technology, bio-technology, non-technology; Environmental Ethics: Nature as means or end, Aldo-Leopold’s land-ethics, Arne Naess’ Deep Ecology, Peter Singer’s Animal Rights; Medical-Ethics: Surrogacy, Doctor-patient relationship, abortion, euthanasia, female-infanticide; Professional Ethics: Corporate Governance and ethical responsibility; Media Ethics: ethical issues in Privacy, cyber space, pornography, representation and differences-marginalization; Legal Ethics: law and morality, Legal Obligation, Authority and Validity of Law; Philosophical Counseling: Managing everyday problems. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Philosophy)