Lightness Brightness And Transparency In Optical See Through Augmented Reality
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Lightness, Brightness, and Transparency in Optical See-through Augmented Reality
"Augmented reality (AR), as a key component of the future metaverse, has leaped from the research labs to the consumer and enterprise markets. AR optical see-through (OST) devices utilize transparent optical combiners to provide visibility of the real environment as well as superimpose virtual content on top of it. OST displays distinct from existing media because of their optical additivity, meaning the light reaching the eyes is composed of both virtual content and real background. The composition results in the intended virtual colors being distorted and perceived transparent. When the luminance of the virtual content decreases, the perceived lightness and brightness decrease, and the perceived transparency increases. Lightness, brightness, and transparency are modulated by one physical dimension (luminance), and all interact with the background and each other. In this research, we aim to identify and quantify the three perceptual dimensions, as well as build mathematical models to predict them. In the first part of the study, we focused on the perceived brightness and lightness with two experiments: a brightness partition scaling experiment to build brightness scales, and a diffuse white adjustment experiment to determine the absolute luminance level required for diffuse white appearances on 2D and 3D AR stimuli. The second part of the research targeted at the perceived transparency in the AR environment with three experiments. The transparency was modulated by the background Michelson contrast reduction in either average luminance or peak-to-peak luminance difference to investigate, and later illustrated, the fundamental mechanism evoking transparency perception. The first experiment measured the transparency detection thresholds and confirmed that contrast sensitivity functions with contrast adaptation could model the thresholds. Subsequently, the transparency perception was investigated through direct anchored scaling experiment by building perceived transparency scales from the virtual content contrast ratio to the background. A contrast-ratio-based model was proposed predicting the perceived transparency scales. Finally, the transparency equivalency experiment between the two types of contrast modulation confirmed the mechanism difference and validated the proposed model."--Abstract.
Fundamentals and Applications of Colour Engineering
FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS OF COLOUR ENGINEERING EXPERT OVERVIEW OF THE WORLD OF COLOUR ENGINEERING IN THE 21ST CENTURY, WITH NEW, UPDATED TECHNOLOGIES AND A MATLAB TOOLBOX Fundamentals and Applications of Colour Engineering provides important coverage on topics that hold the power to extend our knowledge of colour reproduction, such as colour measurement and appearance and the methods used, with additional discussion of the technologies responsible for reproducing colour across a wide range of devices, together with the colour management systems that are used to connect devices and exchange information. Composed of 20 chapters, the Editor and his team of expert contributors consider the new ICC.2 architecture, an approach that introduces an evolutionary step in colour engineering, ensuring wider possibilities for technology. The text also considers the emerging applications for advanced colour management, such as processing spectral data, handling HDR images, and the capture and reproduction of material appearance. The text is supported by a MATLAB toolbox of relevant functions and data. Fundamentals and Applications of Colour Engineering is a useful reference for anyone involved in the reproduction of colour and a strong supplementary course potential for master???s degrees with a colour science component. Fundamentals and Applications of Colour Engineering includes information on: Instruments and methods of colour measurement, colorimetry, and colour difference, and colour appearance Colour spaces and colour encodings, and characterizing input devices, displays and printers Colour gamut communication and imaging standards, high dynamic range imaging, and HDR Sensor adjustment in colour management, open source tools for colour engineering, and colour transform evaluation Supporting active learning with the inclusion of a toolbox of relevant functions and data, Fundamentals and Applications of Colour Engineering is an essential resource for students in relevant programs of study, and for professionals within colour engineering and reproduction looking to maximize their skill set and keep their skills updated.
Virtual Reality in Archaeology
Author: Juan A. Barceló
language: en
Publisher: British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited
Release Date: 2000
Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA)