Knowledge Annotation Making Implicit Knowledge Explicit
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Knowledge Annotation: Making Implicit Knowledge Explicit
Author: Alexiei Dingli
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2011-04-06
Did you ever read something on a book, felt the need to comment, took up a pencil and scribbled something on the books’ text’? If you did, you just annotated a book. But that process has now become something fundamental and revolutionary in these days of computing. Annotation is all about adding further information to text, pictures, movies and even to physical objects. In practice, anything which can be identified either virtually or physically can be annotated. In this book, we will delve into what makes annotations, and analyse their significance for the future evolutions of the web. We will explain why it was thought to be unreasonable to annotate documents manually and how Web 2.0 is making us rethink our beliefs. We will have a look at tools which make use of Artificial Intelligence techniques to support people in the annotation task. Behind these tools, there exists an important property of the web known as redundancy; we will explain what it is and show how it can be exploited. Finally we will gaze into the crystal ball and see what we might expect to see in the future. Until people understand what the web is all about and its grounding in annotation, people cannot start appreciating it. And until they do so, they cannot start creating the web of the future.
Stochastic Global Optimization and Its Applications with Fuzzy Adaptive Simulated Annealing
Author: Hime Aguiar e Oliveira Junior
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2012-01-26
Stochastic global optimization is a very important subject, that has applications in virtually all areas of science and technology. Therefore there is nothing more opportune than writing a book about a successful and mature algorithm that turned out to be a good tool in solving difficult problems. Here we present some techniques for solving several problems by means of Fuzzy Adaptive Simulated Annealing (Fuzzy ASA), a fuzzy-controlled version of ASA, and by ASA itself. ASA is a sophisticated global optimization algorithm that is based upon ideas of the simulated annealing paradigm, coded in the C programming language and developed to statistically find the best global fit of a nonlinear constrained, non-convex cost function over a multi-dimensional space. By presenting detailed examples of its application we want to stimulate the reader’s intuition and make the use of Fuzzy ASA (or regular ASA) easier for everyone wishing to use these tools to solve problems. We kept formal mathematical requirements to a minimum and focused on continuous problems, although ASA is able to handle discrete optimization tasks as well. This book can be used by researchers and practitioners in engineering and industry, in courses on optimization for advanced undergraduate and graduate levels, and also for self-study.
Industrial Applications of Evolutionary Algorithms
Author: Ernesto Sanchez
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2012-01-28
"Industrial applications of evolutionary algorithms" is intended as a resource for both experienced users of evolutionary algorithms and researchers that are beginning to approach these fascinating optimization techniques. Experienced users will find interesting details of real-world problems, advice on solving issues related to fitness computation or modeling, and suggestions on how to set the appropriate parameters to reach optimal solutions. Beginners will find a thorough introduction to evolutionary computation, and a complete presentation of several classes of evolutionary algorithms exploited to solve different problems. Inside, scholars will find useful examples on how to fill the gap between purely theoretical examples and industrial problems. The collection of case studies presented is also extremely appealing for anyone interested in Evolutionary Computation, but without direct access to extensive technical literature on the subject. After the introduction, each chapter in the book presents a test case, and is organized so that it can be read independently from the rest: all the information needed to understand the problem and the approach is reported in each part. Chapters are grouped by three themes of particular interest for real-world applications, namely prototype-based validation, reliability and test generation. The authors hope that this volume will help to expose the flexibility and efficiency of evolutionary techniques, encouraging more companies to adopt them; and that, most of all, you will enjoy your reading.