Investment Formulas A Simple Introduction
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Investment Formulas: A Simple Introduction
Investment Formulas: A Simple Introduction includes over 80 formulas in the investment field, alongside relevant definitions and explanations. The formulas cover the topics of historical return measures, investment models, portfolio performance evaluation, firm and stock valuation, bond portfolio management, derivatives, and option valuation.
International Relations: A Simple Introduction
International Relations: A Simple Introduction offers an accessible guide to the central ideas and tools of international relations, with theory, empirical evidence, examples, and diagrams to support the analysis. Examine gains from trade theory, using the concepts of absolute efficiency, relative efficiency, opportunity cost, comparative advantage, and the terms of trade to learn why countries get involved with international trade. Explore trade liberalization, as the role of power and interdependence in states’ liberalization policies is assessed with realist and liberal theories of international relations, and the case studies of India and Mexico. Apply game theory to the problem of global warming and climate change, as the challenge to see the two biggest greenhouse gas polluters the United States and China reduce emissions is represented as an assurance game, prisoners’ dilemma game, and chicken game, and the prospects for a resolution evaluated. Investigate the role which cultural difference plays in international relations, as communitarian, constructivist, and cosmopolitan theories are examined, and their predictions for cultural conflict, cultural change, or cultural unity are discussed.
Corporate Finance: A Simple Introduction
Corporate Finance: A Simple Introduction provides an accessible guide to the principles and methods of corporate finance, with equations and examples, empirical evidence, and diagrams to illustrate the analysis. Examine the traditional theory of optimal debt and equity financing, how Modigliani and Miller’s theory on capital structure differs, and the impact corporate and personal taxes or market imperfections may have on the optimal capital structure. Understand dividend irrelevance theory, the factors driving the dividend decision, and why companies may prefer share repurchases to paying dividends. Explore option theory with long and short calls and puts explained, and the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the factors affecting it detailed. See the variety of ways traders may use options, as speculators make profits betting on price movements, hedgers eliminate risk, and arbitrageurs may make risk-free profits exploiting undervalued options. Look at why companies seek mergers & acquisitions, the merger process they undertake, how a firm can improve its chances of making an acquisition, and some takeover defences for resistant firms. Empirical evidence on merger performance is presented, and alternative explanations examined.