Integrating Water Efficiency Into Long Term Demand Forecasting
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Integrating Water Efficiency Into Long-term Demand Forecasting
Key findings: Per capita water demand is declining due, in part, to water conservation and efficiency improvements resulting from standards and codes. Long-range demand forecasts should account for the impacts of efficiency standards and codes to more accurately predict future water demand; To account for efficiency improvements, forecasters should consider the various end uses of water by examining the stock and efficiency of appliances as well as behavioral aspects of water use, such as shower duration and frequency; Stock models are a series of mathematical equations that can help predict the turnover of older, less efficient devices and the increasing market penetration of efficient devices. This research focuses on methods for incorporating stock models into long-range demand forecasts; Stock models should rely on local data whenever possible, but in the absence of those data, they can reasonably use data from previous North American end-use studies; Through end-use analysis, stock modeling, and scenario testing, forecasters can anticipate the future impacts of standards and codes, as well as new water efficient technologies. Incorporating factors that are likely to affect per-capita water demand into demand forecasts will improve the reliability of future demand management and planning efforts.
Integrated Water Resource Management
This book addresses the enormous global challenge of providing balanced and sustainable solutions to urgent water problems. The author explores our dependence on access to safe water and other water-related services and how driving forces of the human and natural worlds are degrading this access. The greatest challenges involve conflicts between people and interest groups across all countries, as well as the economic and political difficulties in finding solutions through infrastructure development. The book takes an interdisciplinary approach to Integrated Water Resources Management or IWRM, which provides a set of tools for policy development, planning and organization, assessment, systems analysis, finance, and regulation. The author suggests that IWRM is challenging because of the human element, but that no other process can reconcile the conflicting agendas involved with water management. The broad range of topics covered here, as well as 25 case summaries, will be of interest to scientists, engineers, practitioners, and advanced level students interested in the integrated management of water as a resource.
Water Resources Planning, (M50)
Author: AWWA Staff
language: en
Publisher: American Water Works Association
Release Date: 2011-01-12
This Manual of Water Supply Practices provides utility guidance on how to develop an integrated resource plan for ensuring adequate water supplies to accommodate projected future water demands. Covers all topics of water resources planning: demand forecasting, evaluation of potential new source waters, hydrologic modeling, regulatory issues, environmental impact analysis, public involvement, and economic analysis. Includes sample Integrated Resources Plans developed by water utilities.