Inascita
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Red Adriatic
All European Communist parties define themselves largely in terms of their relationship, amicable or not, to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Consequently, most studies of relations between Communist parties emphasize interactions with the Soviets. However, not all the smaller European Communist parties interact strictly through the medium of Moscow. There exists an extensive, genuinely bilateral aspect to the relationship between Italian and Yugoslav Communists. Both have tended to seek distinctively national paths and, to differing degrees, both have been at odds with the Soviets. The history of Italo-Yugoslav nationality and border disputes, as well as major differences in how the two Communist parties have approached those disputes, has done much to condition inter-party relations. Red Adriatic is the first book to focus on relations between Communist parties in adjacent countries. As such, it offers insights, both practical and theoretical, into problems of inter-party relations. Based on archival sources, as well as on published materials, it also contributes to the individual historiographies of the Italian and Yugoslav Communist parties. The study speaks to several issues in comparative Communist studies, contrasting the different ways in which the two parties have adapted to national circumstances, balancing nationalism and internationalism, and to their different leadership styles.
Maoism with Italian Characteristics
This book is, primarily, a historical study that investigates why Mao’s thought took root in Italy, how it developed, and its emergence in opposition to the Italian Communist Party, with a focus on the years 1956–1976. The book also prompts reflection on how dissent has been perceived in Leftist parties more broadly, and how ‘sub-cultures’ can become prominent. The authors delve into the relations between Mao’s China and the Italian institutional Left, mindful of the fact that not all the involved parties represented monolithic clusters of consent. The book confronts a watershed of reforms or revolution, in which the Italian Communist Party embraced a non-revolutionary and parliamentary policy, and where Italian radicals took Mao’s slogans literally to argue that a revolution in Italy was not only possible, but necessary. Tracking the subsequent abandonment of Maoism in modern left-wing parties in Italy, which gradually became more distant from the working class, the authors juxtapose this to modern China, which opened up with Deng Xiaoping’s reforms and Xi Jinping’s search for rejuvenation. In presenting Italian Maoism—a largely forgotten topic and fascinating example of Western Maoism—to an English-reading audience, the authors contextualize these local historical events in a global modern perspective, linking them to the Cold War and horizontal issues, such as dissent, in a rich comparison of Italian and Chinese sources from party archives and collections. It is relevant to historians interested in the circulation of Chinese political ideas in the West, and China’s historical trajectory from the Cold War to the present.
Perestroika and the Party
Countless studies have assessed the dramatic reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev, but their analysis of the impact on European communism has focused overwhelmingly on the Soviet Union and Eastern bloc nations. This ambitious collection takes a much broader view, reconstructing and evaluating the historical trajectories of glasnost and perestroika on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Moving beyond domestic politics and foreign relations narrowly defined, the research gathered here constitutes a transnational survey of these reforms’ collective impact, showing how they were variably received and implemented, and how they shaped the prospects for “proletarian internationalism” in diverse political contexts.