Implementing A Digital First Sale Doctrine Comparative Study Of The E U And The U S A
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Implementing a digital first sale doctrine: Comparative study of the E.U. and the U.S.A.
Consumption of copyright materials such as, books, music, games, has changed dramatically in the internet age. We no more consume them as tangible goods. Instead we consume them as digital goods, which have characteristics different from tangible goods. The first sale doctrine in copyright law has been applied to tangible copyright goods since it was codified in the United States of America’s Copyright Act of 1909. But due to the difference in the method of consumption of copyright goods, it is hard to apply the doctrine to digital ones. The question whether it should be applied to digital goods gained prominence when Redigi, a second hand market place for digital copyright goods, was sued by Capitol Records Inc. for infringing its copyright. Is it appropriate to abrogate the doctrine when it comes to digital goods or whether the doctrine should be applied irrespective of the method of consumption, takes centre stage. There are divergent views to this debate. In the European Union, after the UsedSoft case, the view is generally more favourable towards the application of the doctrine to digital goods, whereas, in the United States of America the view is more restrictive. But what copyright needs is a harmony between the divergent views, more favourably towards the views of the European Union, since, there have been technological advancements that do replicate the transfer of tangible goods in the digital domain. The doctrine of first sale is necessary in copyright law, irrespective of the method of consumption, as it tends to achieve a dual purpose. The first is public benefit. This it achieves by allowing more people to have access to literature and art. The second is economic benefit. It increases the overall economic activity by creating a market for second hand goods. But what should be kept in mind is that digital goods do have characteristics that make them easy to copy and distribute, which increases piracy. But should the answer to the problem lie in abrogating the doctrine for digital goods or in technology itself, there will be a problem. This is because once the doctrine has been abrogated, it will be almost impossible to reintroduce it, if and when technology should change and there rises a need for the doctrine. But if you let the doctrine be as it is and let technology accommodate the doctrine then it is much safer.
Copyright Exhaustion
Author: Péter Mezei
language: en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date: 2018-02-15
A comprehensive, comparative analysis of the European and US approaches to the exhaustion doctrine in the offline and online world.
Copyright and the Court of Justice of the European Union
Author: Eleonora Rosati
language: en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date: 2023-10-06
First released in early 2019, Copyright and the Court of Justice of the European Union remains the only book exclusively devoted to the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the EU copyright field. Fully updated for the new edition, the book explains the Court's role and action in the field of EU copyright law and provides readers with a sense of the direction of the Court's jurisprudence through an exercise of 'tidying up' and rationalizing the rulings issued so far. In his foreword to the first edition, First Advocate General Maciej Szpunar praised the book's 'profound analysis' of the EU copyright protection and CJEU decisions, which in his view, 'unveiled new information, perhaps never considered, even by members of the Court'. The new edition captures all the significant developments in EU copyright law that have occurred since 2019. Aside from macro-events such as the UK's now completed departure from the EU and the adoption of the Digital Single Market Directive (2019/790), seminal judgments have been issued by the CJEU which touch upon all the main foundational aspects of EU copyright. This book is structured in three parts. The first part is about the role of the CJEU as an EU institution. Following a discussion of the impact of CJEU interpretation of EU copyright provisions (notably their pre-emptive effect on individual EU Member States' freedom), the second part is concerned with CJEU action and vision in respect of four key areas of copyright and related rights: the requirements for protection, construction of exclusive rights, exceptions and limitations, and enforcement. The final part focuses on the legacy of CJEU case law broadly intended, having regard to both individual countries' copyright laws (specifically: the UK) and recent EU copyright reform discourse, notably in the context of the DSM Directive. Timely and engaging, Copyright and the Court of Justice of the European Union provides novel insights into the activity of the CJEU in the copyright field and reflects on the resulting implications for the present and future of EU copyright.