How Does The Pollination Process Work
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Applications of Flower Pollination Algorithm and its Variants
This book presents essential concepts of traditional Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) and its recent variants and also its application to find optimal solution for a variety of real-world engineering and medical problems. Swarm intelligence-based meta-heuristic algorithms are extensively implemented to solve a variety of real-world optimization problems due to its adaptability and robustness. FPA is one of the most successful swarm intelligence procedures developed in 2012 and extensively used in various optimization tasks for more than a decade. The mathematical model of FPA is quite straightforward and easy to understand and enhance, compared to other swarm approaches. Hence, FPA has attracted attention of researchers, who are working to find the optimal solutions in variety of domains, such as N-dimensional numerical optimization, constrained/unconstrained optimization, and linear/nonlinear optimization problems. Along with the traditional bat algorithm, the enhanced versions of FPA are also considered to solve a variety of optimization problems in science, engineering, and medical applications.
RHS How Do Worms Work?
'This is a lovely book to dip into, and you may even find yourself reading it cover to cover' - the Guardian 'An enlightening and entertaining read that will leave the reader armed with the facts and insight to improve their garden as well as their general knowledge' - The English Garden RHS How Do Worms Work? provides expert answers to the questions that every gardener wants to ask - and a few that you never even dreamt of. As well as answering the titular question about soil's best friend, this fact-filled journey through the world of the garden is packed with Q&As that are sometimes practical, sometimes whimsical and always intriguing. This richly illustrated volume is an absorbing guide to the quirky and lesser-known aspects of gardening and a perfect gift for any gardener with an inquisitive mind. With sections on Seeds and Plants; Flowers and Fruits; Below the Ground; Weather, Climate and the Seasons; and In the Garden, RHS How Do Worms Work? holds the answers to common questions such as: - What's the difference between a fruit and a vegetable? - Is it true that sunflower heads follow the sun? - When is a plant a weed? - How do you attract butterflies? - How long can a plant survive without water? and many more.
Pollination Biology of Cultivated Oil Seeds and Pulse Crops
The book provides in detail information on pollination biology of oilseed and pulse crops. The book presents information on improving productivity of oilseed crops and pulses through planned pollination and safety of pollinators from pesticides. Covering the latest information on various major world oil crops and pulses, this book brings the latest advances together in a single volume for researchers and advanced-level students. The book will enlighten the readers with the latest technological developments in pollination of oilseed crops and pulses and shall be useful to agricultural and applied scientists, extension workers, policy planners, and policymakers to improve rural economy and conservation of global biodiversity. Salient Features Covers the latest information on various aspects of pollination biology of oilseed and pulses crops and brings the latest advances together in a single volume for researchers and advanced level students. An excellent source of advanced study material for academics, researchers, and students and program planners Provides an excellent source of livelihood through enhanced productivity of oilseed and pulse crops. Aims to promote a large, diverse, sustainable, and dependable bee pollinator workforce that can meet the challenge for optimizing production of oil and pulse crops well into the twenty-first century. The pollination requirements of most of the pulse crops have been reported to benefit production of pulse crops both qualitatively and quantitatively. This book will be useful for pollination biologists; honeybee biologists; scientists working in agriculture, animal behaviour, conservation, biology, and ecology; entomologists; environmental biologists, etc.