Guidelines On Monitoring Antimicrobial Use At The Farm Level
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Guidelines on monitoring antimicrobial use at the farm level
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language: en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date: 2023-12-28
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major health threat to humans, animals, plants and the environment. One of the key drivers of AMR is the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in animal production, including in aquaculture. Therefore, monitoring the use of antimicrobials in farm animals is essential to mitigate AMR. The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE) has been collecting data, mainly coming from national sales and imports records of antimicrobials, from its members on antimicrobial agents intended for use in animals since 2015. To complement this information and improve decision-making, farm-level antimicrobial use (AMU) data are needed, as it allows for better understanding of how antimicrobials are used in the field. Therefore, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAO RAP), the WOAH Regional Representation for Asia and the Pacific (WOAH RRAP) and the WOAH Sub-Regional Representation for South-East Asia (WOAH SRR-SEA) developed a joint guideline on Monitoring antimicrobial use at the farm level. The guideline provides detailed guidance on establishing a farm-level AMU monitoring system: conducting a situational analysis; establishing an operational mechanism; technical preparation. The recommendations cover both terrestrial and aquatic food-producing animals and consider the wide range of AMU monitoring capacities in Asia and the Pacific and beyond. The target users of this guideline are the competent authorities, research institutions and agrifood industry actors who plan to develop or improve an AMU monitoring system at the farm level.
The FAO Progressive Management Pathway for Antimicrobial Resistance
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language: en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date: 2025-04-25
The FAO Progressive Management Pathway for Antimicrobial Resistance (FAO-PMP-AMR) is a tool designed by FAO to support countries in developing, revising, and implementing the food and agriculture components of National Action Plans on AMR (AMR-NAPs). FAO-PMP-AMR plays a critical role in empowering the food and agriculture sectors to implement AMR-NAPs, enabling a One Health approach at the national level. The FAO-PMP-AMR covers 41 topics for comprehensive assessment of AMR-NAPs, and for each topic, it proposes four steps of activities and key performance indicators to achieve sustainable status with a step-by-step approach. FAO-PMP-AMR can be applied at any stage of AMR-NAPs throughout their development, implementation, and revision, by assisting countries in monitoring progress, identifying gaps between planning and implementation, and generating priority activities and relevant technical resources to improve specific areas towards higher levels of implementation.The PMP-AMR manual comprises three main parts:1. Essentials: Introduces the rationale of the PMP-AMR approach and its target audience.2. Details: Provides a detailed description of the pathways under each topic.3. Self-Assessment Process: Walks through how to apply the self-assessment process using PMP-AMR, including the organization of assessment workshops.
Developments in Animal Health Surveillance, volume II
Author: Bernard J. Phiri
language: en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date: 2024-12-13
Animal health surveillance aims to facilitate early detection of outbreaks, disease control, animal welfare management, protection of public health, planning and decision-making. It is a continuous process of collecting key information to produce surveillance insights that are acted upon. The ongoing gathering of information is mostly based on the reporting of signs of disease by those close to animals such as animal owners, animal carers, animal health practitioners and diagnosticians. This is often complemented by regular diagnostic testing, in one form or another, to determine the health status of a particular animal population. This surveillance approach faces growing challenges in many countries worldwide. The challenges include the emergence of new pathogens, budget constraints, expansion of disease-vector ranges due to climate change, the spread of zoonoses as well as changing public and stakeholder expectations. To meet these challenges, it is important to find new ways of enhancing existing surveillance approaches and develop new ones. These include undertaking a One-Health approach in which humans, animals, plants and the environment are part of an integrated ecosystem. Within the animal ecosphere, surveillance coverage should be adequate for all different animal-types i.e. livestock, companion animals, wildlife and feral animals. This research topic aims to collate innovative ideas for enhancing all aspects of animal health surveillance. Strengthening participation in surveillance by those close to animals is critical. Other aspects include, but are not limited to, sample collection, diagnostic processes, data and information collection, data analysis and information dissemination. We also encourage submission of manuscripts with a multidisciplinary scope and those that provide new insights in surveillance implementation or policy.