Functional Lung Imaging In Humans Using Positron Emission Tomography
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Functional Lung Imaging in Humans Using Positron Emission Tomography
This thesis deals with a method of functional lung imaging using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). In this technique, a radioactive tracer, nitrogen-13, is dissolved in saline solution, and injected into a peripheral vein. By analysis of the tracer kinetics through the lung, measured using PET, a three-dimensional image of perfusion and ventilation can be generated. In the first part of this thesis, a new tracer-preparation system, suitable for use in human subjects, is described. The system is remotely operated, highly automated, and incorporates numerous redundant safeguards to protect the patient. The second part of the thesis details a formal approach to the analysis of the experimental data. A model of the tracer in the right heart and lungs is developed, and used to estimate physiological parameters for large to medium-sized regions of diseased lung. As regions of interest are made smaller, the amount of imaging noise in PET data increases. Consequently parameter estimates become less reliable as finer resolution is used. In order to retain as much spatial information as possible, a new approach is explored, in which voxels with similar kinetics are grouped together, and parameters are estimated for the whole group; in this way, spatial resolution is conserved at the expense of parametric discretization. The viability of the approach is demonstrated by high-resolution analysis of ventilation dysfunction in asthmatic subjects.
Functional Lung Imaging
Written by world authorities, this reference explores the utilization and advancement of state-of-the-art imaging modalities for the analysis of pulmonary function-providing an up-to-date and global perspective of imaging applications with detailed contributions from experts in Europe, North America, Japan, and Australia.
Pulmonary Functional Imaging
This book reviews the basics of pulmonary functional imaging using new CT and MR techniques and describes the clinical applications of these techniques in detail. The intention is to equip readers with a full understanding of pulmonary functional imaging that will allow optimal application of all relevant techniques in the assessment of a variety of diseases, including COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer and pulmonary nodule. Pulmonary functional imaging has been promoted as a research and diagnostic tool that has the capability to overcome the limitations of morphological assessments as well as functional evaluation based on traditional nuclear medicine studies. The recent advances in CT and MRI and in medical image processing and analysis have given further impetus to pulmonary functional imaging and provide the basis for future expansion of its use in clinical applications. In documenting the utility of state-of-the-art pulmonary functional imaging in diagnostic radiology and pulmonary medicine, this book will be of high value for chest radiologists, pulmonologists, pulmonary surgeons, and radiation technologists.