Fresh Cut Apples Aspects Of Respiration Sanitation And Storage Conditions Affecting Quality And Volatile Synthesis Band 51
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Fresh-cut apples: Aspects of respiration, sanitation and storage conditions affecting quality and volatile synthesis (Band 51)
Fresh-cut apples show a short shelf life. Microbial loads, rapid tissue browning, and loss of texture and flavour limit their customers’ acceptability. Therefore, postharvest storage in sugar-syrup or suitable fruit juice solutions are common practices to extend shelf life. However, knowledge on the effects of these applications on the produce are sketchy. Nevertheless, adequate and gentle sanitation is essential, and short-term hot-water treatment (sHWT) may be an effective method to reduce microbial contaminations. For fruit salad production, however, sHWT needs to be optimised. Objective of this thesis was the evaluation of the effects of complete immersion of fresh-cut apple slices in sugar solution or orange juice on quality attributes and physiology. This thesis analysed the potential synergistic interactive effects caused by sugar syrup immersion of apple slices and reduced O2 availability on the emissions of volatile organic compounds. In addition, the potential implications of sHWT in the temperature range of 55–65 °C on quality attributes, fruit aroma and product physiology of immersed fresh-cut apple slices were investigated. Frisch geschnittene Äpfel haben eine kurze Haltbarkeit. Mikrobielles Wachstum, schnelle Gewebebräunung und der Verlust von Textur und Geschmack schränken die Akzeptanz des Kunden ein. Daher ist die Lagerung nach der Ernte in Zuckersirup oder geeigneten Fruchtsaftlösungen eine gängige Praxis, um die Haltbarkeit zu verlängern. Die Kenntnisse über die Auswirkungen dieser Anwendungen auf die Erzeugnisse sind jedoch lückenhaft. Zudem kann eine Kurzzeit-Heißwasserbehandlung (sHWT) eine wirksame Methode zur Verringerung mikrobieller Kontaminationen sein. Für die Obstsalatherstellung muss die sHWT jedoch optimiert werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Bewertung des vollständigen Eintauchens von frisch geschnittenen Apfelscheiben in Zuckerlösung oder Orangensaft in Bezug auf Produktqualität und -physiologie. Es wurden die potenziellen synergistischen Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Eintauchen der Apfelscheiben in Zuckersirup und der reduzierten Sauerstoffverfügbarkeit auf die Emission flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen untersucht. Darüber hinaus wurden die potenziellen Auswirkungen einer sHWT im Temperaturbereich von 55-65 °C auf die Qualitätsmerkmale, das Fruchtaroma und die Produktphysiologie von eingetauchten, frisch geschnittenen Apfelscheiben untersucht.
Fresh-cut Apples: Aspects of Respiration, Sanitation and Storage Conditions Affecting Quality and Volatile Synthesis
Author: Guido Rux
language: en
Publisher: Berliner ökophysiologische und phytomedizinische Schriften
Release Date: 2022-01-19
Fresh-cut apples show a short shelf life. Microbial loads, rapid tissue browning, and loss of texture and flavour limit their customers' acceptability. Therefore, postharvest storage in sugar-syrup or suitable fruit juice solutions are common practices to extend shelf life. However, knowledge on the effects of these applications on the produce are sketchy. Nevertheless, adequate and gentle sanitation is essential, and short-term hot-water treatment (sHWT) may be an effective method to reduce microbial contaminations. For fruit salad production, however, sHWT needs to be optimised. Objective of this thesis was the evaluation of the effects of complete immersion of fresh-cut apple slices in sugar solution or orange juice on quality attributes and physiology. This thesis analysed the potential synergistic interactive effects caused by sugar syrup immersion of apple slices and reduced O2 availability on the emissions of volatile organic compounds. In addition, the potential implications of sHWT in the temperature range of 55-65 °C on quality attributes, fruit aroma and product physiology of immersed fresh-cut apple slices were investigated.
Characterization of novel viruses in deciduous tree species in forests and public green spaces – case studies in Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior (Band 60)
The health of plants in general and deciduous trees in particular is influenced by a variety of factors, including abiotic and biotic factors. Uncountable harmful organisms can lead to a weakening of deciduous trees and shrubs in forests and urban green, which are worth protecting due to their longevity and the invaluable ecosystem services they provide, as well as their high economic value. In this context, plant viruses play a major role and must be considered. Due to their ability to affect the host metabolism for the purpose of their own replication, they can influence the vitality of trees, change their susceptibility to other stress factors and thus lead to economic and ecological losses. In recent years, established technologies in the field of sequencing and bioinformatics have revealed the high abundance and enormous diversity of viruses in forest trees. New viruses of the genus Emaravirus have been discovered in numerous hosts, including herbaceous and woody plants. Especially in deciduous trees, emaraviruses have become the most widespread virus group causing diseases in important species of temperate and boreal forests. In this doctoral thesis, genetic and biological aspects of novel viruses were studied, with special focus on the emerging group of emaraviruses. Using the case studies common oak (Quercus robur L.) and common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), epidemiological studies revealed a wide distribution of common oak ringspot-associated virus (CORaV) and ash shoestring-associated virus (ASaV) in forest and urban trees. CORaV and ASaV can be differentiated from other pathogens based on specific leaf symptoms. With the help of a newly developed diagnostic ELISA, CORaV can be reliably detected serologically in diseased oak trees. A new species of rust mite is likely to be the vector for virus transmission. Based on the results considering the composition of emaraviral accessory proteins, the taxonomic order of the genus Emaravirus can be revised. In addition to ASaV, cytorhabdoviruses were shown to frequently infect common ash in natural and managed forest sites. Genetic characterization provided evidence for two distinct cytorhabdovirus species affecting not only Fraxinus excelsior, but also manna ash (Fraxinus ornus) and red ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). Applying High-throughput sequencing (HTS) analyses, sequence information about novel viruses belonging to different families have been revealed. The doctoral thesis provides new insights into the diverse virome of deciduous trees, thereby highlighting the demand for further studies on this fascinating group of pathogens. Their characterization and interaction with other abiotic and biotic stressors may serve as a basis for better disease management concepts of essential long-living trees in the future.