Extended Electromagnetic Theory Space Charge In Vacuo And The Rest Mass Of Photon
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Extended Electromagnetic Theory, Space Charge In Vacuo And The Rest Mass Of Photon
This book presents extended forms of the Maxwell equations as well as electromagnetic fields, based on a non-zero divergence of the electric field and a non-zero electric conductivity in vacuo. These approaches, which predict new features of the electromagnetic field, such as the existence of both longitudinal and transverse solutions, the existence of space-charge current in vacuo, and steady electromagnetic equilibria, have possible applications to charge and neutral leptons and new photon physics. The present theory can also clear up some unsolved problems, such as the total reflection of light at the interface between a vacuum and a dissipative medium, and the appearance of an angular momentum of the photon, thereby leading to a rest mass and an axial magnetic field component of the photon. This axial magnetic field component may be related to the B(3) field proposed by Evans and Vigier. A new gauge condition has been proposed to maintain consistency of the theory with the non-zero photon mass. Several consequences of the non-zero mass of the photon are also discussed, especially in the astrophysical context.
Liquid Crystals, Laptops And Life
Author: Michael R Fisch
language: en
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
Release Date: 2004-07-09
Liquid Crystals, Laptops and Life connects the laptop computer with life itself via liquid crystals, the phases of matter essential to both. In the process it provides an integrated introduction to those parts of chemistry and physics that are necessary for understanding the basic science and technology embedded in the laptop and in life. This book can be understood by students with a good background in high school chemistry and physics; yet it can also serve as a primer for scientists who are not well versed in the areas covered.The first section of the book is devoted to discussion of basic concepts of chemistry and physics. The second section applies these concepts and extends them to three classes of materials that make the laptop possible: liquid crystals, polymers, and semiconductors. The first two classes of materials relate naturally to the molecules essential to life, thus providing an introduction to this area in an independent chapter. The third section focuses on the applied science and technology of semiconductors, digital devices, and computers, as well as liquid crystal displays. This section concludes by illustrating how these materials and technologies are combined in and make possible the laptop computer. The final section discusses applications of liquid crystals to the arts and to life. Each chapter rounds off with references to more advanced literature, exercises that test the reader's understanding, and open-ended questions that encourage the reader to explore the topics in greater depth.
Modern Nonlinear Optics
Significant advances have occurred in the field since the previous edition, including advances in light squeezing, single photon optics, phase conjugation, and laser technology. The laser is essentially responsible for nonlinear effects and is extensively used in all branches of science, industry, and medicine.