Exploration Of Index Based Insurance For Smallholder Farmers In Mozambique
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Exploration of Index-Based Insurance for Smallholder Farmers in Mozambique
The current seeds regulations in Mozambique specify, amongst other things, minimum required standards of germination rates depending on type, variety and stage of development of the seed We were aware that formal seed markets relied on research and development of seed breeds for assurance of the required quality and for innovations such as drought resistant varieties. Given the application of these essential risk control measures in this key input and the broad network of seed distribution channels, we believed that seed suppliers could play a critical role in the marketing of our proposed complimentary climate risk mitigation product to serve our common goals of protecting and increasing resilience of agricultural primary production. We explain in this book how we implemented this idea and the various questions that we explored in our index-based insurance extension project including the following: How could we enhance standard product guarantees of seed companies to offer additional protection against critical climate-related risks? How could we embed climate risk insurance in formal seed systems without adding cost for the end-benefi ciaries? What technology and distribution innovations should we consider for the purposes of ensuring that we can monitor cost-effectively covered risks? What value-adding services should be made available to support the risk carriers, the distribution partners and the smallholder farmers? How did we promote agricultural risk literacy using indigenous knowledge systems located in ancient African oral traditional stories that were part of the customs of our target population?
Insuring against droughts: Evidence on agricultural intensification and index insurance demand from a randomized evaluation in rural Bangladesh
Author: Hill, Ruth Vargas
language: en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date: 2017-04-07
It is widely acknowledged that unmitigated risks provide a disincentive for otherwise optimal investments in modern farm inputs. Index insurance provides a means for managing risk without the burdens of asymmetric information and high transaction costs that plague traditional indemnity-based crop insurance programs. Yet many index insurance programs that have been piloted around the world have met with rather limited success, so the potential for insurance to foster more intensive agricultural production has yet to be realized. This study assesses both the demand for and the effectiveness of an innovative index insurance product designed to help smallholder farmers in Bangladesh manage risk to crop yields and the increased production costs associated with drought. Villages were randomized into either an insurance treatment or a comparison group, and discounts and rebates were randomly allocated across treatment villages to encourage insurance take-up and to allow for the estimation of the price elasticity of insurance demand. Among those offered insurance, we find insurance demand to be moderately price elastic, with discounts significantly more successful in stimulating demand than rebates. Farmers who are highly risk averse or sensitive to basis risk prefer a rebate to a discount, suggesting that the rebate may partially offset some of the implicit costs associated with insurance contract nonperformance. Having insurance yields both ex ante risk management effects and ex post income effects on agricultural input use. The risk management effects lead to increased expenditures on inputs during the aman rice-growing season, including expenditures for risky inputs such as fertilizers, as well as those for irrigation and pesticides. The income effects lead to increased seed expenditures during the boro rice-growing season, which may signal insured farmers’ higher rates of seed replacement, which broadens their access to technological improvements embodied in newer seeds as well as enhancing the genetic purity of cultivated seeds.
He says, she says: Exploring patterns of spousal agreement in Bangladesh
Author: Ambler, Kate
language: en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date: 2017-03-09
Participation in household decisions and control over assets are often used as indicators of bargaining power. Yet spouses do not necessarily provide the same answers to questions about these topics. We examine differences in spouses’ answers to questions regarding who participates in decisions about household activities, who owns assets, and who decides to purchase assets. Disagreement is substantial and systematic, with women more likely to report joint ownership or decision making and men more likely to report sole male ownership or decision making. Analysis of correlations between agreement and women’s well-being finds that agreement on joint decision making/ownership is generally positively associated with beneficial outcomes for women compared with agreement on sole male decision making/ownership. Cases of disagreement where women recognize their involvement but men do not are also positively associated with good outcomes for women, but often to a lesser extent than when men agree that women are involved.