Experimental Analysis Of High Temperature Shape Memory Polymers For Deployable Structures
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Experimental Analysis of High Temperature Shape Memory Polymers for Deployable Structures
"Shape Memory Polymers (SMP) continue to capture interest of the aerospace industry due to their unique properties. Compared to shape memory alloys, this class of smart materials is lighter in weight and can undergo significantly larger recoverable deformations. However, the recovery stresses, and therefore the loads that can be supported, are inferior compared to shape memory alloys. This limitation has triggered efforts to develop Shape Memory Polymer Composites (SMPC), using SMP epoxy resins, with the ability to overcome the aforementioned draw back. However, the focus has been on SMPs with low transformation temperatures below 100°C. On the other hand, certain aerospace applications require shape memory polymers with higher transformation temperatures to prevent undesirable actuation upon heat exposure. Moreover, and despite significant work on characterizing mechanical and recovery properties of shape memory polymers, the literature lack full field characterization of recovery properties, in particular at elevated temperatures. In this work, a high temperature thermoset epoxy SMP (Tg~ 130°C), named EPONSMP, is thoroughly investigated. The study provides comprehensive experimental analysis of the mechanical and shape memory properties of the aforementioned high temperature epoxy SMP. In addition, this study uses a full-field characterization technique, Digital Image Correlation (DIC), to provide further insight on localization, heterogeneity and local recovery of shape memory strains. Furthermore, the study evaluates the recovery properties of SMP samples programmed at different loading conditions (i.e. bending, tensile) and proposes shape-recovery evaluation methods that can be later implemented on other SMPs. The EPON SMP samples were successfully manufactured and evaluated in this work. Stress free shape recovery was observed for SMP samples programmed at different loading conditions (i.e. bending, tensile). Moreover, the recovery rate was found to be dependent on programmed strain level and recovery temperature. Furthermore, the SMP displayed less shape recovery while under stress. Degradation in the SMP’s ductility was observed at elevated temperatures. In addition, the effects of thermal stresses and strains were quantified and observed to be highly significant in the SMP programming and shape recovery processes."--Abstract.
Cold Hibernated Elastic Memory Structure
Cold hibernated elastic memory (CHEM) is an innovative, smart material technology that uses shape memory polymers in open cellular structures. This book extensively describes CHEM self-deployable structures, provides basic property data and characteristics, discusses advantages, and identifies numerous space, commercial, and medical applications. Some of these applications have been experimentally and analytically investigated with inspiring results and are revealed here. CHEM technology has a potential to provide groundbreaking self-deployable space structures. Some cutting-edge space CHEM concepts described in this book represent the introduction of a new generation of space deployable structures. CHEM materials have unique characteristics that enable the manufacture of self-deployable stents and other medical devices not possible currently. One of the medical applications, the CHEM endovascular treatment of aneurysm, is being experimentally explored with promising results that would save lives. This book provides a long list of interesting potential commercial CHEM applications that could simplify and make life easier at low cost. One of these products, the self-reconfiguring armchair, is already being set up for mass production. This book will be of interest to all engineering researchers, scientists, engineers, students, designers, and technologists across their relevant fields of interest. The exceptional characteristics of CHEM technology are presently enabling technologists to develop many applications ranging from outer space to inside the human body. As a result, CHEM structures are in the process of reshaping our thinking, approaches, and design methods in many ways that conventional materials and approaches do not allow.
Shape Memory Polymers
Shape-memory polymers (SMP) are a unique branch of the smart materials family which are capable of changing shape on-demand upon exposure to external stimulus. The discovery of SMP made a significant breakthrough in the developments of novel smart materials for a variety of engineering applications, superseded the traditional materials, and also influenced the current methods of product designing. This book provides the latest advanced information of on-going research domains of SMP. This will certainly enlighten the reader to the achievements and tremendous potentials of SMP. The basic fundamentals of SMP, including shape-memory mechanisms and mechanics are described. This will aid reader to become more familiar with SMP and the basic concepts, thus guiding them in undergoing independent research in the SMP field. The book also provides the reader with associated challenges and existing application problems of SMP. This could assist the reader to focus more on these issues and further exploit their knowledge to look for innovative solutions. Future outlooks of SMP research are discussed as well. This book should prove to be extremely useful for academics, R&D managers, researcher scientists, engineers, and all others related to the SMP research.