Exchange Rate Determination And Optimal Economic Policy Under Various Exchange Rate Regimes
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Exchange Rate Determination and Optimal Economic Policy Under Various Exchange Rate Regimes
1.1 Some characteristics of the floating exchange rate system The flexible exchange rate system has functioned far less satisfactorily than many anticipated in 1973, when the major industrialized countries decided to let their currencies float. The dominant currencies' exchange rates have fluctuated more 1 than expected. These fluctuations concern both short-term movement- intraday fluctuations and movements during a week or a month - and long term changes that last for more than a year. Daily percentage changes of one percent are not unusual for the recent float (see MacDonald, 1988, p.8). However, the release of new information can give rise to much larger changes. For example in August 1987 "the dollar moved down 6 percent in two days based on the July trade figures" (Glynn, 1988, p. 36). For the period 1973-1985 MacDonald (1988, p.10) presents minimum and maximum monthly percentage exchange rate changes. These figures clearly illustrate the magnitude of the volatility and also show that the volatility has not diminished as the experience 2 with floating has increased. In addition to this volatility, exchange rates are also characterized by misalignment: "persistent departure of the exchange rate from its long-run equilibrium" (Williamson, 1983, p.l3). Although the measure of misalignment depends upon the exact definition of the exchange rate's long-run equilibrium, there is a widespread feeling that during the greater part of the 1970s the dollar was undervalued, whereas it was overvalued during the first half of the 1980s.
Currency Politics
Author: Jeffry A. Frieden
language: en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date: 2014-12-28
A comprehensive analysis of the politics surrounding exchange rate policies in the global economy—with in-depth case studies. The exchange rate is the most important price in any nation’s economy, and a central factor in the global economy. Despite the critical role of exchange rate policy, there are few definitive explanations of why governments choose the currency policies they do. In Currency Politics, Jeffrey Frieden combines narrative and statistical investigation to offer an enlightening analysis of exchange rate policies around the world. Many industries seek to influence politicians on currency policy. Frieden shows how each industry’s characteristics—including its exposure to currency risk and the price effects of exchange rate movements—determine their policy preferences. Frieden then evaluates the accuracy of his theoretical arguments in a variety of historical and geographical settings. He looks at the politics of the gold standard, particularly in the United States, and he examines the political economy of European monetary integration. Frieden also analyzes the politics of Latin American currency policy over the past forty years, and focuses on the daunting currency crises that have frequently debilitated Latin American nations, including Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil.
Exchange Rate Regimes in the Modern Era
An analysis of the operation and consequences of exchange rate regimes in an era of increasing international interdependence. The exchange rate is sometimes called the most important price in a highly globalized world. A country's choice of its exchange rate regime, between government-managed fixed rates and market-determined floating rates has significant implications for monetary policy, trade, and macroeconomic outcomes, and is the subject of both academic and policy debate. In this book, two leading economists examine the operation and consequences of exchange rate regimes in an era of increasing international interdependence. Michael Klein and Jay Shambaugh focus on the evolution of exchange rate regimes in the modern era, the period since 1973, which followed the Bretton Woods era of 1945–72 and the pre-World War I gold standard era. Klein and Shambaugh offer a comprehensive, integrated treatment of the characteristics of exchange rate regimes and their effects. The book draws on and synthesizes data from the recent wave of empirical research on this topic, and includes new findings that challenge preconceived notions.