Event Based State Estimation In Cyber Physical Systems
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Event-Based State Estimation
This book explores event-based estimation problems. It shows how several stochastic approaches are developed to maintain estimation performance when sensors perform their updates at slower rates only when needed. The self-contained presentation makes this book suitable for readers with no more than a basic knowledge of probability analysis, matrix algebra and linear systems. The introduction and literature review provide information, while the main content deals with estimation problems from four distinct angles in a stochastic setting, using numerous illustrative examples and comparisons. The text elucidates both theoretical developments and their applications, and is rounded out by a review of open problems. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and students who wish to expand their knowledge and work in the area of event-triggered systems. At the same time, engineers and practitioners in industrial process control will benefit from the event-triggering technique that reduces communication costs and improves energy efficiency in wireless automation applications.
Security of Cyber-Physical Systems: State Estimation and Control
This book analyzes the secure problems of cyber-physical systems from both the adversary and defender sides. Targeting the challenging security problems of cyber-physical systems under malicious attacks, this book presents some recent novel secure state estimation and control algorithms, in which moving target defense scheme, zero-sum game-theoretical approach, reinforcement learning, neural networks, and intelligent control are adopted. Readers will find not only the valuable secure state estimation and control schemes combined with the approaches aforementioned, but also some vital conclusions for securing cyber-physical systems, for example, the critical value of allowed attack probability, the maximum number of sensors to be attacked, etc. The book also provides practical applications, example of which are unmanned aerial vehicles, interruptible power system, and robot arm to validate the proposed secure algorithms. Given its scope, it offers a valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate students, academics, scientists, and engineers who are working in this field.
Event-based State Estimation in Cyber-physical Systems
This thesis focuses on event-based state estimation problems in the context of cyberphysical systems (CPSs), targeting at low-complexity event-based state estimators that are optimal in a certain sense. The motivation stems from the resource limitations in the applications of CPSs (e.g., wireless sensor networks) as well as the increased computation burden in calculating the optimal state estimates caused by the eventtriggering conditions. Several event-based estimation problems are formulated and solved using different approaches, including the maximum likelihood estimation approach, the approximate Gaussian filtering approach, the set-valued Kalman filtering approach and the change of probability measure approach. For all these investigations, optimal state estimates with simple structures that can be recursively calculated are obtained, which form the major contributions of this thesis. Also, the performance improvements in the sense of average estimation errors by exploiting the information contained in the eventtriggering conditions are addressed either by theoretical proofs or extensive numerical simulations. Several results on communication rate analysis are proposed, which are relevant and necessary for event-based estimation, considering the potential communication resource limitations in CPSs. Based on the developed results, the outcome of the research attempts on eventbased estimation is encouraging, and a distinct and systematic approach to eventbased estimation seems on the horizon. The results are not only of theoretical value, but are potentially implementable to a variety of applications in industrial processes, due to the practical considerations in both the problem formulations and the design procedures.