Epigenetics In The Microbiome Host Crosstalk From Mechanisms To Therapeutics

Epigenetics in the microbiome-host crosstalk: from mechanisms to Therapeutics

Epigenetic modifications allow cells to change gene expression without altering the genetic code, by dynamically regulating chromatin accessibility, which is controlled by the activity of associated enzymes such as DNA/histone methyltransferases and histone acetyltransferases. This represents a potent mechanism through which mammalian hosts adapt their transcriptional program to environmental cues. Indeed, trillions of commensal microbes, termed microbiota, along with their metabolites and their signaling, are environmental stimuli that can direct host health and disease. They are being increasingly recognized as a source of epigenetic substrates, cofactors, and regulators of epigenetic-modifying enzymes. Recent research has shown that perturbation of microbiota-host interactions with pathologies of inflammatory diseases or metabolic syndrome correlated with altered epigenetic patterning. Microbiota-sensitive epigenetic mechanisms may include synthesizing biological compounds that affect the availability of methyl/ acetyl donors for DNA or histone modifications; modulating epigenetic modifying enzyme activity; influencing host-cell intrinsic epigenetic pathways; or regulating non-coding RNAs. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding of this epigenetic regulation is required in guiding therapeutic approaches to prevent or combat diseases driven by disrupted microbiota-host crosstalk.

Role of Gut Microbiota and Postbiotics for Colorectal Cancer

The emerging role of gut microbiota and postbiotics has implications for the management of not only human health and diseases, but also colorectal cancer in particular, as these elements influence colorectal cancer pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. This book bridges the gap between cutting-edge research and practical clinical applications in the management of colorectal cancer by offering a fresh perspective on potential therapeutic strategies and exploring the significance of microbiota in the oncology landscape. Chapters delve into the specific impacts of postbiotics, linking them to immune response modulation, inflammation reduction, and direct anticancer effects. Chapters also explore current and emerging therapies, including the manipulation of gut microbiota and the use of postbiotics supplements. Clinical trial results, case studies, and expert opinions are interwoven to present a realistic view of the benefits, limitations, and future prospects of these innovative therapeutic strategies. This book is rounded out with perspectives on future research directions in this area, discussing potential next-generation therapies such as personalized medicine approaches and biotechnological advancements, and further contemplating broader implications of microbiota research on public health strategies. Informative and engaging, this book provides clinicians and researchers alike with a deeper understanding of how postbiotics can be harnessed in colorectal cancer treatment and potentially, the treatment of other cancers influenced by gut health.

Inflammatory Immune Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Translational Approaches and Therapeutics