Enciclopedia Zanichelli 2004
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Große Lexika und Wörterbücher Europas
Unter dem Titelstichwort Lexika sollen hier sowohl Sachnachschlagewerke (auch Enzyklopädien genannt, vom Typ des ‚Brockhaus‘) als auch Sprachnachschlagewerke (Wörterbücher genannt, vom Typ des ‚Duden‘) zusammengefasst werden – so entspricht es auch dem allgemeinen Lexikon-Verständnis, das kaum zwischen Informationen über Sachen und Informationen über Wörter und deren Bedeutung unterscheidet. Wenn es sich um ein an die Gegenwart heranreichendes Nachschlagewerk handelt, ist die Art der Nutzung primär (‚Informationen von heute für heute‘). Im Falle der historischen Werke, zu denen oft auch die Erstauflagen heutiger Titel gehören, steht die Nutzung im Zusammenhang mit irgendeiner Art von historischen Fragestellungen (‚Informationen von früher für heute‘). Beginnend mit dem Vocabolario della Accademia de la Crusca von 1612 über die große französische Encyclopédie bis hin zu Wahrig, Duden und Wikipedia wird das Feld der relevanten Werke zur Gegenwart hin immer dichter. Die einzelnen Lexika werden mit historischen Porträts beschrieben und hinsichtlich ihrer jeweiligen lexikographischen Methode analysiert.
How Writing Made Us Human, 3000 BCE to Now
A sweeping history of how writing has preserved cultural practices, traditions, and knowledge throughout human history. In How Writing Made Us Human, 3000 BCE to Now, Walter Stephens condenses the massive history of the written word into an accessible, engaging narrative. The history of writing is not merely a record of technical innovations—from hieroglyphics to computers—but something far richer: a chronicle of emotional engagement with written culture whose long arc intimates why the humanities are crucial to society. For five millennia, myths and legends provided fascinating explanations for the origins and uses of writing. These stories overflowed with enthusiasm about fabled personalities (both human and divine) and their adventures with capturing speech and preserving memory. Stories recounted how and why an ancient Sumerian king, a contemporary of Gilgamesh, invented the cuneiform writing system—or alternatively, how the earliest Mesopotamians learned everything from a hybrid man-fish. For centuries, Jews and Christians debated whether Moses or God first wrote the Ten Commandments. Throughout history, some myths of writing were literary fictions. Plato's tale of Atlantis supposedly emerged from a vast Egyptian archive of world history. Dante's vision of God as one infinite book inspired Borges's fantasy of the cosmos as a limitless library, while the nineteenth century bequeathed Mary Shelley's apocalyptic tale of a world left with innumerable books but only one surviving reader. Stephens presents a comprehensive history of the written word and demonstrates how writing has preserved and shaped human life since the Bronze Age. These stories, their creators, and their preservation have inspired wonder and an endless appetite for historical revelation.
Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics
The first edition of ELL (1993, Ron Asher, Editor) was hailed as "the field's standard reference work for a generation". Now the all-new second edition matches ELL's comprehensiveness and high quality, expanded for a new generation, while being the first encyclopedia to really exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics. * The most authoritative, up-to-date, comprehensive, and international reference source in its field * An entirely new work, with new editors, new authors, new topics and newly commissioned articles with a handful of classic articles * The first Encyclopedia to exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics through the online edition * Ground-breaking and International in scope and approach * Alphabetically arranged with extensive cross-referencing * Available in print and online, priced separately. The online version will include updates as subjects develop ELL2 includes: * c. 7,500,000 words * c. 11,000 pages * c. 3,000 articles * c. 1,500 figures: 130 halftones and 150 colour * Supplementary audio, video and text files online * c. 3,500 glossary definitions * c. 39,000 references * Extensive list of commonly used abbreviations * List of languages of the world (including information on no. of speakers, language family, etc.) * Approximately 700 biographical entries (now includes contemporary linguists) * 200 language maps in print and online Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. The first Encyclopedia to exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics Ground-breaking in scope - wider than any predecessor An invaluable resource for researchers, academics, students and professionals in the fields of: linguistics, anthropology, education, psychology, language acquisition, language pathology, cognitive science, sociology, the law, the media, medicine & computer science. The most authoritative, up-to-date, comprehensive, and international reference source in its field