Electronic Microwave Imaging With Planar Multistatic Arrays
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Electronic Microwave Imaging with Planar Multistatic Arrays
Author: Sherif Sayed Ahmed
language: en
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
Release Date: 2014
Microwave imagers featuring a fully electronic scanning are highly demanded in security, industrial, and medical applications. Planar multistatic arrays operating at close ranges offer exceptional image resolution and illumination coverage compared to conventional far-field imaging. Novel solutions for synthesizing multistatic arrays for close range imaging with a scalable topology are introduced in this work along with detailed experimental verifications in the millimeter-wave range. Consequently, an electronic microwave imager based on modern digital-beamforming techniques has been successfully realized. High quality imaging of humans has been demonstrated, which represents a key milestone for the future generations of personnel screening systems required for securing air traffic as well as critical infrastructures. The work establishes the theoretical foundations for designing electronic microwave imagers, while addressing the associated challenges, e.g., image reconstruction, illumination adjustment, signal processing, hardware architecture, calibration technique, and results interpretation. The achieved three-dimensional complex-valued images open vast opportunities for new applications to effectively utilize the advanced capabilities of microwave imaging.
Large Aperture Array Radar Systems for Automotive Applications
The radar, besides camera and Lidar systems, is a core sensor to enable autonomous driving. The relatively limited angular resolution is the major drawback of the radar. This thesis shows the development of a conceptual future radar system for automotive applications. The focus is on providing a large antenna aperture to achieve the required high angular resolution. Two genetic algorithms are developed to optimize the antenna array for a good side lobe level while providing high angular resolution. Two demonstrators are built to implement certain aspects of the proposed radar system and prove the general concept viable. The first demonstrator features a large aperture with a limited side lobe level and is using a modular approach. The modules are synchronized with a radio over fiber system. The second demonstrator uses the previously proposed antenna array, which is implemented with a synthetic aperture radar approach. The system’s capabilities in a real scenario are demonstrated, and the reconstruction of a high-resolution three-dimensional image from the captured data is shown. Das Radar stellt, neben Kamera- und Lidar-Systemen, einen zentralen Sensor für das autonome Fahren dar. Dabei ist die relativ geringe Winelauflösung der primäre Nachteil des Radars. Diese Arbeit zeigt die Entwicklung eines konzeptionellen zukünftigen Radarsystems für automobile Anwendungen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Umsetzung einer großen Antennenapertur, um die erforderliche hohe Winkelauflösung zu erreichen. Zwei evolutionäre Algorithmen werden vorgestellt, um das Antennen-Array auf einen guten Nebenkeulen-Pegel zu optimieren und gleichzeitig eine hohe Winkelauflösung zu erreichen. Zwei Demonstratoren werden gebaut, um bestimmte Aspekte des vorgeschlagenen Radarsystems zu implementieren und die Durchführbarkeit des allgemeinen Konzepts zu zeigen. Der erste Demonstrator weist eine große Apertur mit einem begrenzten Nebenkeulen-Niveau auf und verwendet einen modularen Ansatz. Die Module sind mit einem Radio-over-Fiber-System synchronisiert. Der zweite Demonstrator verwendet die zuvor entworfene Antennenanordnung, die mit einem Radar mit synthetischer Apertur realisiert wird. Die Fähigkeiten des Systems werden in einem realen Szenario demonstriert und die Rekonstruktion eines hochauflösenden dreidimensionalen Bildes aus den erfassten Daten gezeigt.
Perspectives in Antenna Technology
The definitive volume of recent innovations in antenna technology developed for a wide variety of system applications at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Antenna technology plays a key role in enabling next-generation sensing and communications for ground-based, airborne, and spaceborne systems across a wide spectrum of frequencies and applications. Advances in RF microelectronics, commercial high-volume manufacturing and packaging, high-fidelity modeling and simulation tools, and affordable high-speed digital signal processing offer new options for next-generation antenna systems. Perspectives in Antenna Technology, by Jeffrey S. Herd, Alan J. Fenn, and M. David Conway, describes a variety of antenna research and development projects from MIT Lincoln Laboratory over the past fifteen years. In addition to highlighting current systems applications for the new antenna technologies, the book provides a modern perspective on the evolution of antenna technology at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. The contributors to this book are all from MIT Lincoln Laboratory. The developments covered include those aimed at reducing the cost of phased array antennas by leveraging high-volume printed circuit board manufacturing and highly integrated packaging techniques; novel solutions to enable ultra-lightweight deployable antennas for space and airborne applications; vector sensor arrays; two unique imaging radar systems, a video-rate microwave imaging system for person-borne concealed threat detection and a system capable of ultrawideband imaging of satellites; simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) antennas; a variety of novel wideband array antennas, including dual-polarized stepped-notch arrays and coupled dipole arrays; and several types of custom millimeter wave (mmWave) antennas.