Ek Aathawan Photo Challenge

Single Molecule Spectroscopy

One often hears that nanoscience or, in other words, the knowledge and control of matter at length scales of a few nanometers, will be the scientific frontier of the 21st century. Although it has become almost commonplace, this prediction deserves some justification. The technological and scientific stakes of nanoscience indeed encompass many fields of science: they include the ultimate miniaturization of electronic devices to acquire, store, and process information, and also such basic endeavors as understanding the microscopic processes and patterns responsible for the physical properties of materials, or the many unsolved questions raised by the astoundingly intricate workings of living matter. Although the dream of observing and controlling matter at molecular scales is nearly as old as the very concept of molecules, earlier attempts at practical realizations were hampered by a scarcity of suitable access to the nanoworld. During the last two decades of the 20th century, owing to the several new tools which have been developed to address objects at nanometer scales, the nanoworld appears closer than ever, within our reach! A major class of methods in nanoscience are local probe microscopies such as scanning tunnelling or atomic force microscopies. They require scanning a sharp tip with molecular dimensions across the surface of the sample under study and, by direct action of the tip on the sample, they make nano-manipulations possible. The present book is devoted to another class of methods, the selection and study of single, optically active nano-objects by purely optical means.

Fields Virology

Fields Virology is the authoritative reference book for virology, providing definitive coverage of all aspects of virology, including thorough coverage of virus biology as well as replication and medical aspects of specific virus families. With the regular outbreaks of influenza, noroviruses as well as other emerging and re-emerging viruses it is essential to have the most up-to-date information available. With this Sixth Edition, all chapters have been completely updated, an important new emphasis has been placed on virus discovery and emerging viruses. Viruses associated with cancer, including the new human polyomaviruses, are highlighted in this Sixth Edition and new chapters have been added on circoviruses and mimiviruses. While the main focus of this edition continues to be on viruses, information on prions and the infectious spongiform encephalopathies are also included. Full color throughout with over 1,000 illustrations in total and most chapters provide key figures for use as lecture slides. Online companion website with fully searchable text, all references linked to PubMed and additional material not found in the print for access to content anytime. New coverage of emerging and viruses, including those causing influenza and HIV. Updated coverage of viruses and cancer {u2022} Coverage includes virus structure, virus entry, replication, and assembly, virus-host cell interactions, host immune responses and vaccines, antiviral therapeutics, virus evolution and immunization. Thorough coverage of all viruses of medical importance, including both basic science and clinical features. New chapters on circoviruses and mimiviruses and a new section on Chikungunya virus have been added. Important advances in antivirals, including new HCV protease inhibitors and HIV integrase inhibitors.

The Frog and the Ox