Dynastie Kaiseramt Und Konfession
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Dynastie, Kaiseramt und Konfession
In der Regierungszeit Kaiser Ferdinands II. (1619-1637) bündelten sich die bestimmenden Auseinandersetzungen der Epoche um die wahre Religion, die politische Vorherrschaft in Europa und um die Verfassung des Heiligen Römischen Reiches zu einem großen Krieg, der 30 Jahre dauern sollte. Welchen politischen Prioritäten und Ordnungsvorstellungen Ferdinand II. als prominenter Akteur folgte, ist seit jeher umstritten. Die vorliegende Studie bietet eine neue Interpretation der Politik Ferdinands im Spannungsfeld von Dynastie, Kaiseramt und Konfession. Zu den nach wie vor kontroversen Themen zählen insbesondere das Persönlichkeitsprofil und der Politikstil des Kaisers, die Reichweite seiner verfassungs- und religionspolitischen Ambitionen im Reich, das Verhältnis zur spanischen Schwesterdynastie und ihrer Hegemonialpolitik sowie die Frage nach dem historischen Ort Ferdinands in der Geschichte des frühneuzeitlichen Kaisertums. Die Studie relativiert die gängigen Vorstellungen von Ferdinand II. als Repräsentanten einer auch im katholischen Lager exzentrischen Religionspolitik und als Kaiser außerhalb der Kontinuität des frühneuzeitlichen Kaisertums.
Iron and Blood
Author: Peter H. Wilson
language: en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date: 2023-02-14
From the author of the acclaimed The Thirty Years War and Heart of Europe, a masterful, landmark reappraisal of German military history, and of the preconceptions about German militarism since before the rise of Prussia and the world wars. German military history is typically viewed as an inexorable march to the rise of Prussia and the two world wars, the road paved by militarism and the result a specifically German way of war. Peter Wilson challenges this narrative. Looking beyond Prussia to German-speaking Europe across the last five centuries, Wilson finds little unique or preordained in German militarism or warfighting. Iron and Blood takes as its starting point the consolidation of the Holy Roman Empire, which created new mechanisms for raising troops but also for resolving disputes diplomatically. Both the empire and the Swiss Confederation were largely defensive in orientation, while German participation in foreign wars was most often in partnership with allies. The primary aggressor in Central Europe was not Prussia but the Austrian Habsburg monarchy, yet Austria’s strength owed much to its ability to secure allies. Prussia, meanwhile, invested in militarization but maintained a part-time army well into the nineteenth century. Alongside Switzerland, which relied on traditional militia, both states exemplify the longstanding civilian element within German military power. Only after Prussia’s unexpected victory over France in 1871 did Germans and outsiders come to believe in a German gift for warfare—a special capacity for high-speed, high-intensity combat that could overcome numerical disadvantage. It took two world wars to expose the fallacy of German military genius. Yet even today, Wilson argues, Germany’s strategic position is misunderstood. The country now seen as a bastion of peace spends heavily on defense in comparison to its peers and is deeply invested in less kinetic contemporary forms of coercive power.
Heart of Europe
Author: Peter H. Wilson
language: en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date: 2016-04-04
An Economist and Sunday Times Best Book of the Year “Deserves to be hailed as a magnum opus.” —Tom Holland, The Telegraph “Ambitious...seeks to rehabilitate the Holy Roman Empire’s reputation by re-examining its place within the larger sweep of European history...Succeeds splendidly in rescuing the empire from its critics.” —Wall Street Journal Massive, ancient, and powerful, the Holy Roman Empire formed the heart of Europe from its founding by Charlemagne to its destruction by Napoleon a millennium later. An engine for inventions and ideas, with no fixed capital and no common language or culture, it derived its legitimacy from the ideal of a unified Christian civilization—though this did not prevent emperors from clashing with the pope for supremacy. In this strikingly ambitious book, Peter H. Wilson explains how the Holy Roman Empire worked, why it was so important, and how it changed over the course of its existence. The result is a tour de force that raises countless questions about the nature of political and military power and the legacy of its offspring, from Nazi Germany to the European Union. “Engrossing...Wilson is to be congratulated on writing the only English-language work that deals with the empire from start to finish...A book that is relevant to our own times.” —Brendan Simms, The Times “The culmination of a lifetime of research and thought...an astonishing scholarly achievement.” —The Spectator “Remarkable...Wilson has set himself a staggering task, but it is one at which he succeeds heroically.” —Times Literary Supplement