Distribution Water Quality Issues Related To New Development Or Low Usage
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Distribution Water Quality Issues Related to New Development Or Low Usage
Author: Yakir J. Hasit
language: en
Publisher: American Water Works Association
Release Date: 2006
Many water utilities deal with water quality problems in the distribution system due to low water usage. This study uncovers the many problems of low usage and reports on the variety of mitigation practices used by North American utilities. An included CD-ROM provides decision support software to help utilities systematically weigh the costs and benefits of a variety of best management practices (BMPs) for mitigating the water quality issues caused by low usage and thus cutting down on customer complaints and higher distribution costs.
Legionella Contamination in Water Environment
Legionella spp. are ubiquitous microorganisms that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. Water systems of large buildings, such as hospitals, hotels, and rental units are often contaminated by legionellae and various parameters such as physical, chemical, and microbial building water system characteristics can influence Legionella occurrence. A range of physical and chemical disinfection methods have been proposed to control Legionella contamination; however, to date, the most effective procedures have not been defined. There is a need to survey legionellae in water systems to prevent legionellosis. Although the assessment of L. pneumophila in water is typically performed by culture isolation on selective media, it has several limits. For this reason, alternative tools for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of Legionella in water samples have been proposed. In order to increase knowledge on different aspects of Legionella contamination in the water environment, this book gathers research studies related to the occurrence of Legionella in water systems of different environments; the role of different factors that can influence the Legionella contamination, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different methodological approaches.
Distribution Water Quality Issues Related to New Development or Low Usage
One cause of distribution system water quality problems is from low usage due to new developments or reduced demand. Low usage causes increased water age throughout the system which can lead to a number of water quality problems, including decreased disinfectant residual, sedimentation, increased temperatures, and taste, odor, and color problems. To address these issues and maintain compliance with regulatory standards, utilities have implemented design/construction and O&M based best management practices (BMPs) with varying success. The objectives of this project were to (1) identify water quality changes that occur in the distribution system as a result of low or diminished use areas, in particular, areas of new development with low initial customer usage and established areas undergoing diminished use; and (2) recommend best management practices (BMPs) on minimizing water quality problems in such areas. Utilities must provide potable water to small and large users, new and old developments, and central and remote customers while accounting for changing demographics and demand patterns. In order to maintain adequate water quality and satisfy all of these needs, water utility operators must have the ability to choose sound design and O&M-based BMPs, and defend their decisions. The development of the DST software in this research project allows utility operators to do this by providing a method to compare the costs and benefits of various BMPs and thus make better decisions. The companion CD-ROM contains a decision support tool for selecting the most appropriate BMP for reducing water quality problems due to low usage.