Distributed Machine Learning And Gradient Optimization
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Distributed Machine Learning and Gradient Optimization
This book presents the state of the art in distributed machine learning algorithms that are based on gradient optimization methods. In the big data era, large-scale datasets pose enormous challenges for the existing machine learning systems. As such, implementing machine learning algorithms in a distributed environment has become a key technology, and recent research has shown gradient-based iterative optimization to be an effective solution. Focusing on methods that can speed up large-scale gradient optimization through both algorithm optimizations and careful system implementations, the book introduces three essential techniques in designing a gradient optimization algorithm to train a distributed machine learning model: parallel strategy, data compression and synchronization protocol. Written in a tutorial style, it covers a range of topics, from fundamental knowledge to a number of carefully designed algorithms and systems of distributed machine learning. It will appeal to a broad audience in the field of machine learning, artificial intelligence, big data and database management.
Optimization Algorithms for Distributed Machine Learning
This book discusses state-of-the-art stochastic optimization algorithms for distributed machine learning and analyzes their convergence speed. The book first introduces stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its distributed version, synchronous SGD, where the task of computing gradients is divided across several worker nodes. The author discusses several algorithms that improve the scalability and communication efficiency of synchronous SGD, such as asynchronous SGD, local-update SGD, quantized and sparsified SGD, and decentralized SGD. For each of these algorithms, the book analyzes its error versus iterations convergence, and the runtime spent per iteration. The author shows that each of these strategies to reduce communication or synchronization delays encounters a fundamental trade-off between error and runtime.
Attacks, Defenses and Testing for Deep Learning
This book provides a systematic study on the security of deep learning. With its powerful learning ability, deep learning is widely used in CV, FL, GNN, RL, and other scenarios. However, during the process of application, researchers have revealed that deep learning is vulnerable to malicious attacks, which will lead to unpredictable consequences. Take autonomous driving as an example, there were more than 12 serious autonomous driving accidents in the world in 2018, including Uber, Tesla and other high technological enterprises. Drawing on the reviewed literature, we need to discover vulnerabilities in deep learning through attacks, reinforce its defense, and test model performance to ensure its robustness. Attacks can be divided into adversarial attacks and poisoning attacks. Adversarial attacks occur during the model testing phase, where the attacker obtains adversarial examples by adding small perturbations. Poisoning attacks occur during the model training phase, wherethe attacker injects poisoned examples into the training dataset, embedding a backdoor trigger in the trained deep learning model. An effective defense method is an important guarantee for the application of deep learning. The existing defense methods are divided into three types, including the data modification defense method, model modification defense method, and network add-on method. The data modification defense method performs adversarial defense by fine-tuning the input data. The model modification defense method adjusts the model framework to achieve the effect of defending against attacks. The network add-on method prevents the adversarial examples by training the adversarial example detector. Testing deep neural networks is an effective method to measure the security and robustness of deep learning models. Through test evaluation, security vulnerabilities and weaknesses in deep neural networks can be identified. By identifying and fixing these vulnerabilities, the security and robustness of the model can be improved. Our audience includes researchers in the field of deep learning security, as well as software development engineers specializing in deep learning.