Dieter S Dilemma
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Obesity Prevention
Over the years, approaches to obesity prevention and treatment have gone from focusing on genetic and other biological factors to exploring a diversity of diets and individual behavior modification interventions anchored primarily in the power of the mind, to the recent shift focusing on societal interventions to design "temptation-proof" physical, social, and economic environments. In spite of repeated calls to action, including those of the World Health Organization (WHO), the pandemic continues to progress. WHO recently projected that if the current lifestyle trend in young and adult populations around the world persist, by 2012 in countries like the USA, health care costs may amount to as much as 17.7% of the GDP. Most importantly, in large part due to the problems of obesity, those children may be the first generation ever to have a shorter life expectancy than that of their parents. Obesity Prevention presents the most current research and proposals for addressing the pandemic. Past studies have focused primarly on either genetic or behavioral causes for obesity, however today's research indicates that a strongly integrated program is the best prospect for success in overcoming obesity. Furthermore, focus on the role of society in establishing an affordable, accessible and sustainable program for implementing these lifestyle changes is vital, particularly for those in economically challenged situations, who are ultimately at the highest risk for obesity. Using studies from both neuroscience and behavioral science to present a comprehensive overview of the challenges and possible solutions, The brain-to-society approach to obesity prevention focuses on what is needed in order to sustain a healthy, pleasurable and affordable lifestyle. - Explores the "brain-to-society" approach to obesity prevention, focusing on an integrative approach to addressing the obesity pandemic - Presents both the nueroscientific and the behavioral factors that impact eating habits - Identifies the challenges and suggests solutions for altering attitudes toward food on both an individual and a societal level
Social dilemmas, institutions, and the evolution of cooperation
Author: Ben Jann
language: en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date: 2017-09-11
The question of how cooperation and social order can evolve from a Hobbesian state of nature of a “war of all against all” has always been at the core of social scientific inquiry. Social dilemmas are the main analytical paradigm used by social scientists to explain competition, cooperation, and conflict in human groups. The formal analysis of social dilemmas allows for identifying the conditions under which cooperation evolves or unravels. This knowledge informs the design of institutions that promote cooperative behavior. Yet to gain practical relevance in policymaking and institutional design, predictions derived from the analysis of social dilemmas must be put to an empirical test. The collection of articles in this book gives an overview of state-of-the-art research on social dilemmas, institutions, and the evolution of cooperation. It covers theoretical contributions and offers a broad range of examples on how theoretical insights can be empirically verified and applied to cooperation problems in everyday life. By bringing together a group of distinguished scholars, the book fills an important gap in sociological scholarship and addresses some of the most interesting questions of human sociality.
Dieter's Dilemma
Abstract: A discussion of obesity proposes that weight is physiologically regulated and dieting cannot alter this biological fact. This point is confirmed by the fact that most dieters lose weight only temporarily. Physical activity is the most effective method for decreasing the body's demand for fat. The concept that fatness is a major cause of disease is challenged. The rise in average weight since 1960 has accompanied a decrease in the death rate from cardiovascular disease. Exceptions are diabetes and high blood pressure. Weight control through exercise can be an important treatment. Most motivation to lose weight is based on looking better rather than feeling better. The body's "set point" (normal weight) for fatness is detailed. This point is reinforced by referenced scientific studies. Popular diets and diet books are described. Studies are cited to show that exercise uses calories and also regulates appetite; it is suggested that this lowers the "set point" and is more advantageous than a reducing diet. organizations for fat people are listed. changes in attitudes toward fatness is advocated since most weight reduction regimens are ultimately unsuccessful. (rkm).