Design And Synthesis Of Organic Functional Materials For Energy Conversion And Storage Applications
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Design and Synthesis of Organic Functional Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications
Carbon emission from consumption of fossil fuels has led to global warming accompanying with a large number of environmental issues. In order to lessen the strong dependence on fossil fuels in modern society, it is crucial to develop new energy sources which are clean, renewable and environmentally friendly. Solar energy is one of the leading candidates to fulfill the foreseeable growing demand of clean energy in near future. In the past few decades, tremendous efforts have been devoted to research on organic photovoltaics (OPVs) as the electrochemical and optical properties of OPV materials can be customized through judicious molecular engineering. Though OPV devices gave power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) no more than 0.1% while conceptually demonstrated in late 1950s, nowadays scientists have achieved PCEs over 17% utilizing new material systems and device fabrication techniques. Beside performance, OPVs can be easily fabricated through solution methods and the device properties are highly tunable, facilitating the application of OPVs in next-generation solar energy system. While OPVs demonstrate great potential to efficiently convert light into electricity, yet all solar energy systems possess a major drawback that sun does not provide a constant stream of energy. A proper energy storage system is necessary to be coupled with the solar energy system to store up the energy harvested from sunlight and maintain stable power supply no matter day or night. Li-S battery made of a sulfur cathode and a metallic Li anode is cost-effective for large-scale energy storage due to its high capacity and energy density. However, the infamous "shuttle effect" in sulfur cathode caused by formation of soluble lithium polysulfide (Li2S[subscript]x, 3 [less than or equal to] x [less than or equal to] 8) during charge/discharge strongly inhibits the commercialization of Li-S battery. An effective material system capable of mitigating the shuttle effect is in urgent need. This dissertation elucidates my research efforts on design and synthesis of organic functional materials for OPVs and sulfur cathodes, respectively. The goal of my research aims at establishing novel structure-property relationships and exploiting rationales on molecular designing which may address current challenges in the fields. Chapter 1 gives a brief overview on the evolution of OPV materials and the design principles. Chapter 2 demonstrates the effect of selenium substitution on ladder-type non-fullerene acceptors for polymer solar cells. Chapter 3 explores the possibility of coupling selenium substitution with [Beta]-alkylation on central donor cores of non-fullerene acceptors as a strategy to further enhance photovoltaic performance. Chapter 4 provides a basic summary on rationales of designing organic materials for the sulfur cathode of Li-S batteries, and shows a class of polymethacrylates designed and synthesized as a component for a self-healing and polysulfide-trapping polyelectrolyte in Li-S batteries.
Metal Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives for Energy Conversion and Storage
Metal Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives for Energy Conversion and Storage comprehensively covers the updated design and synthesis of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derived materials, together with their applications in electrochemical energy conversion and storage. It starts with a systematic description of the rational structure design and facile fabrication methods of MOF-based materials and various MOF derivatives. Then representative examples of MOFs and MOF-derived materials used for solar water splitting, electrocatalysis, batteries and supercapacitors are demonstrated. Finally, developing trends, such as integrating MOFs with other smart materials and emerging 3D printing technology, is also covered. This book is suitable for a wide readership in material science, chemical science, energy field and engineering. - Reviews the current research directions of metal-organic frameworks and their derived materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies - Discusses synthesis and design strategies of metal-organic framework derived materials - Focuses on the material-structure-property relationship and the impact towards the improved performance of metal-organic framework materials
Materials for Energy Production, Conversion, and Storage
This volume provides a comprehensive review of energy production, management, and its challenges pertaining to various materials. It covers different material fabrication strategies involved in the processes such as laser-assisted fabrication, electrospinning strategy, and so forth, including a review of the different nanostructured materials and challenges in energy management. Factors affecting energy storage and conversion focussing on high entropy and phase change-based materials are covered. The concepts in the book are supported by illustrations and case studies. Features: Covers different fabrication strategies for various energy materials. Focusses on emerging materials such as MXenes, aerogels, and so forth. Provides a detailed study of laser-assisted fabrication, electrospinning strategy, and 3D-printed materials. Includes a comprehensive study of energy management from biomass. Reviews current strategies for electronic waste management. This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in chemical engineering, electrochemistry, and materials science.