Design And Synthesis Of Nanostructured Materials For Flexible Lithium Ion Battery
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Design and Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials for Flexible Lithium-Ion Battery
In recent years, continuous progress in electronic devices, especially in wearable devices, has attracted surging attention from the consumer market. Therefore, flexible energy storage was developed to fulfill the needs of new flexible devices with ultra-lightweight and small volume. The very recent products and concepts such as touch screens, roll-up displays, wearable sensors, and even implantable medical devices have shown great potential in flexible applications because of their extreme convenience. However, the development of corresponding power sources largely lags behind these emerging technologies of flexible devices. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), owing to high energy density and high operating voltage, have been serving as an ideal power source for flexible devices. Nevertheless, direct implementation of commercial LIBs leads to irreversible deformation of structural integrity, short-circuiting or even severe explosion hazard. Such dilemma originates from the poor flexibility of electrode and electrolyte. For electrode side, current electrode sheets used in LIBs are manufactured by holding active material particles and conductive agents by a small weight fraction of polymeric binders. Such fragile electrode structure could easily lose electrical contact under physical deformation, leading to disintegrated electrode sheets, drastic degradations of electrochemical performance, and even safety issue due to internal short-circuiting. For electrolyte side, LIBs employ nonaqueous liquid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and excellent electrode wettability. However, the drawbacks of such electrolyte system are also evident: poor ion selectivity, flammability, and leakage issue while being deformed render unsuitability of liquid electrolyte for flexible device application. To fabricate flexible LIBs, the current state-of-the-art research employs two design strategies involving electrode structure. One popular strategy is constructing scaffolding structure using carbonaceous materials to function as supportive matrix for active materials. Given carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as an example, the CNTs possess remarkable electrical conductivity and mechanical strength (elastic modulus: 1 TPa, tensile strength: 100 GPa), which contribute to conductive and flexible electrodes as the high-aspect ratio of CNTs can serve as threading materials. Another strategy is rational architecture design of active materials that are conventionally particulate. For example, vanadium pentoxide nanowires can be readily fabricated into free-standing and binder-free electrode membrane. Nevertheless, the most of strategies above still fall short of practicality due to reduced portion of active materials and consequently compromised energy density. In comparison with the mobile liquid electrolyte, the emerging solid-state electrolytes could largely solve circumventing issues of ion selectivity, flammability and leakage. As one prevailing category, solid polymer electrolytes comprising polymers and lithium salts feature decent manufacturing flexibility. Meanwhile, their poor ionic conductivity (10 8 ~ 10 5S cm 1) could be ameliorated by gel polymer electrolytes with organic solvents (plasticizers) and/or inorganic solid fillers (e.g., SiO2). Nevertheless, the non-conductive fillers block ion-transport pathways while allow partial electrical conduction, limiting the interfacial engineering and compatibility with electrodes. In this dissertation, we tackle the aforementioned critical issues of flexible batteries in two aspects. Firstly, we design and synthesize flexible electrode from prospective of material and architecture. A novel cathode constructed by entangling networks of V2O5, CNTs and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is design and fabricated. Notably, the resulting flexible battery simultaneously achieves excellent mechanical strength (800 MPa young's module), superior cycle durability (86% retention after 1000 times bending) and intriguing capacity (300 mAh g-1 at 0.25C). Furthermore, a Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF) possessing open-metal sites (OMSs) was used as the microporous filler to facilitate cation (Li+) conduction in GPL. Compared with the state-of-the-art research, our work significantly enhanced tLi+ of GLP from 0.39 up to 0.66 while maintained 1.5 mS cm 1 ionic conductivity. Notably, a reduced thermal activation energy (from 113 to 76 meV) was observed, suggesting diffusion energy barriers was eased by selective promotion of Li+ conduction. To conclude, flexible Li-ion batterie system research is still at early developing stage. Above work provides rational design and improvement of the current FLIBs system in rather facile and cost-effective way. The methodology we proposed are hoped to bring further innovation toward FLIBs field and be extended to numerous applications in the future.
Nanostructured Materials for Energy Storage
Comprehensive reference work for researchers and engineers working with advanced and emerging nanostructured battery and supercapacitor materials Lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors play a vital role in the paradigm shift towards sustainable energy technology. This book reviews how and why different nanostructured materials improve the performance and stability of batteries and capacitors. Sample materials covered throughout the work include: Graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers MXenes, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides Transition metal oxides, metal-organic frameworks, and lithium titanates Gel polymer electrolytes, hydrogels, and conducting polymer nanocomposites For materials scientists, electrochemists, and solid state chemists, this book is an essential reference to understand the lithium-ion battery and supercapacitor applications of nanostructured materials that are most widely used for developing low-cost, rapid, and highly efficient energy storage systems.
Advanced Hybrid Nanomaterials for Energy Storage
Integrating nanotechnology and sustainable energy frontiers, Advanced Hybrid Nanomaterials for Energy Storage explores the groundbreaking field of material design at the nanoscale for next‐generation energy storage solutions. This comprehensive text delves into the synthesis, characterization, and optimization of hybrid nanomaterials developed by combining the advantageous properties of diverse materials. This diverse range of materials includes metal oxides, carbon nanostructures, biopolymers, and functionalized surfaces. These materials have the potential to revolutionize energy storage technologies such as batteries and supercapacitors due to their synergistic properties and innovative applications. FEATURES Explores the latest advances in hybrid nanomaterial design for energy storage applications Discusses the benefits of combining different materials at the nanoscale range, exhibiting their combined properties which significantly outperform those of individual components Defines the various types of hybrid nanomaterials, including metal oxide/carbon nanocomposites, metal‐doped composites, and biopolymer‐based materials Focuses on the real‐world implications of hybrid nanomaterials in battery electrodes, supercapacitor electrodes, and other energy storage devices Summarizes the important role of these materials in transitioning to a clean and sustainable energy environment This book serves as an important resource for both industry professionals and academic researchers and is ideal for scientists and engineers working in advanced materials for energy storage applications.