Data Science For Sales Analysis Forecasting Clustering And Prediction With Python
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DATA SCIENCE FOR SALES ANALYSIS, FORECASTING, CLUSTERING, AND PREDICTION WITH PYTHON
In this comprehensive data science project focusing on sales analysis, forecasting, clustering, and prediction with Python, we embarked on an enlightening journey of data exploration and analysis. Our primary objective was to gain valuable insights from the dataset and leverage the power of machine learning to make accurate predictions and informed decisions. We began by meticulously exploring the dataset, examining its structure, and identifying any missing or inconsistent data. By visualizing features' distributions and conducting statistical analyses, we gained a better understanding of the data's characteristics and potential challenges. The first key aspect of the project was weekly sales forecasting. We employed various machine learning regression models, including Linear Regression, Support Vector Regression, Random Forest Regression, Decision Tree Regression, Gradient Boosting Regression, Extreme Gradient Boosting Regression, Light Gradient Boosting Regression, KNN Regression, Catboost Regression, Naïve Bayes Regression, and Multi-Layer Perceptron Regression. These models enabled us to predict weekly sales based on relevant features, allowing us to uncover patterns and relationships between different factors and sales performance. To optimize the performance of our regression models, we employed grid search with cross-validation. This technique systematically explored hyperparameter combinations to find the optimal configuration, maximizing the models' accuracy and predictive capabilities. Moving on to data segmentation, we adopted the widely-used K-means clustering technique, an unsupervised learning method. The goal was to divide data into distinct segments. By determining the optimal number of clusters through grid search with cross-validation, we ensured that the clustering accurately captured the underlying patterns in the data. The next phase of the project focused on predicting the cluster of new customers using machine learning classifiers. We employed powerful classifiers such as Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector, Decision Trees, Random Forests, Gradient Boosting, Adaboost, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Light Gradient Boosting, and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) to make accurate predictions. Grid search with cross-validation was again applied to fine-tune the classifiers' hyperparameters, enhancing their performance. Throughout the project, we emphasized the significance of feature scaling techniques, such as Min-Max scaling and Standardization. These preprocessing steps played a crucial role in ensuring that all features were on the same scale, contributing equally during model training, and improving the models' interpretability. Evaluation of our models was conducted using various metrics. For regression tasks, we utilized mean squared error, while classification tasks employed accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The use of cross-validation helped validate the models' robustness, providing comprehensive assessments of their effectiveness. Visualization played a vital role in presenting our findings effectively. Utilizing libraries such as Matplotlib and Seaborn, we created informative visualizations that facilitated the communication of complex insights to stakeholders and decision-makers. Throughout the project, we followed an iterative approach, refining our strategies through data preprocessing, model training, and hyperparameter tuning. The grid search technique proved to be an invaluable tool in identifying the best parameter combinations, resulting in more accurate predictions and meaningful customer segmentation. In conclusion, this data science project demonstrated the power of machine learning techniques in sales analysis, forecasting, and customer segmentation. The insights and recommendations generated from the models can provide valuable guidance for businesses seeking to optimize sales strategies, target marketing efforts, and make data-driven decisions to achieve growth and success. The project showcases the importance of leveraging advanced analytical methods to unlock hidden patterns and unleash the full potential of data for business success.
FOUR PROJECTS: PREDICTION AND FORECASTING USING MACHINE LEARNING WITH PYTHON
PROJECT 1: GOLD PRICE ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING USING MACHINE LEARNING WITH PYTHON The challenge of this project is to accurately predict the future adjusted closing price of Gold ETF across a given period of time in the future. The problem is a regression problem, because the output value which is the adjusted closing price in this project is continuous value. Data for this study is collected from November 18th 2011 to January 1st 2019 from various sources. The data has 1718 rows in total and 80 columns in total. Data for attributes, such as Oil Price, Standard and Poor’s (S&P) 500 index, Dow Jones Index US Bond rates (10 years), Euro USD exchange rates, prices of precious metals Silver and Platinum and other metals such as Palladium and Rhodium, prices of US Dollar Index, Eldorado Gold Corporation and Gold Miners ETF were gathered. The dataset has 1718 rows in total and 80 columns in total. Data for attributes, such as Oil Price, Standard and Poor’s (S&P) 500 index, Dow Jones Index US Bond rates (10 years), Euro USD exchange rates, prices of precious metals Silver and Platinum and other metals such as Palladium and Rhodium, prices of US Dollar Index, Eldorado Gold Corporation and Gold Miners ETF were gathered. To perform forecasting based on regression adjusted closing price of gold, you will use: Linear Regression, Random Forest regression, Decision Tree regression, Support Vector Machine regression, Naïve Bayes regression, K-Nearest Neighbor regression, Adaboost regression, Gradient Boosting regression, Extreme Gradient Boosting regression, Light Gradient Boosting regression, Catboost regression, and MLP regression. The machine learning models used predict gold daily returns as target variable are K-Nearest Neighbor classifier, Random Forest classifier, Naive Bayes classifier, Logistic Regression classifier, Decision Tree classifier, Support Vector Machine classifier, LGBM classifier, Gradient Boosting classifier, XGB classifier, MLP classifier, and Extra Trees classifier. Finally, you will plot boundary decision, distribution of features, feature importance, predicted values versus true values, confusion matrix, learning curve, performance of the model, and scalability of the model. PROJECT 2: WIND POWER ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING USING MACHINE LEARNING WITH PYTHON Renewable energy remains one of the most important topics for a sustainable future. Wind, being a perennial source of power, could be utilized to satisfy our power requirements. With the rise of wind farms, wind power forecasting would prove to be quite useful. It contains various weather, turbine and rotor features. Data has been recorded from January 2018 till March 2020. Readings have been recorded at a 10-minute interval. A longterm wind forecasting technique is thus required. The attributes in the dataset are as follows: ActivePower, AmbientTemperature, BearingShaftTemperature, Blade1PitchAngle, Blade2PitchAngle, Blade3PitchAngle, ControlBoxTemperature, GearboxBearingTemperature, GearboxOilTemperature, GeneratorRP, GeneratorWinding1Temperature, GeneratorWinding2Temperature, HubTemperature, MainBoxTemperature, NacellePosition, ReactivePower, RotorRPM, TurbineStatus, WTG, WindDirection, and WindSpeed. To perform forecasting based on regression active power, you will use: Linear Regression, Random Forest regression, Decision Tree regression, Support Vector Machine regression, Naïve Bayes regression, K-Nearest Neighbor regression, Adaboost regression, Gradient Boosting regression, Extreme Gradient Boosting regression, Light Gradient Boosting regression, Catboost regression, and MLP regression. To perform clustering, you will use K-Means algorithm. The machine learning models used predict categorized active power as target variable are K-Nearest Neighbor classifier, Random Forest classifier, Naive Bayes classifier, Logistic Regression classifier, Decision Tree classifier, Support Vector Machine classifier, LGBM classifier, Gradient Boosting classifier, XGB classifier, and MLP classifier. Finally, you will plot boundary decision, distribution of features, feature importance, cross validation score, and predicted values versus true values, confusion matrix, learning curve, performance of the model, scalability of the model, training loss, and training accuracy. PROJECT 3: MACHINE LEARNING FOR CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION WITH PYTHON Concrete is the most important material in civil engineering. The concrete compressive strength is a highly nonlinear function of age and ingredients. These ingredients include cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash, water, superplasticizer, coarse aggregate, and fine aggregate. The actual concrete compressive strength (MPa) for a given mixture under a specific age (days) was determined from laboratory. This dataset is in raw form (not scaled). There are 1030 observations, 9 attributes, 8 quantitative input variables, and 1 quantitative output variable in dataset. The attributes in the dataset are as follows: Cement (component 1); Blast Furnace Slag (component 2); Fly Ash (component 3); Water (component 4); Superplasticizer (component 5); Coarse Aggregate; Fine Aggregate (component 7); Age; and Concrete compressive strength. To perform regression on concrete compressive strength, you will use: Linear Regression, Random Forest regression, Decision Tree regression, Support Vector Machine regression, Naïve Bayes regression, K-Nearest Neighbor regression, Adaboost regression, Gradient Boosting regression, Extreme Gradient Boosting regression, Light Gradient Boosting regression, Catboost regression, and MLP regression. To perform clustering, you will use K-Means algorithm. The machine learning models used predict clusters as target variable are K-Nearest Neighbor classifier, Random Forest classifier, Naive Bayes classifier, Logistic Regression classifier, Decision Tree classifier, Support Vector Machine classifier, LGBM classifier, Gradient Boosting classifier, XGB classifier, and MLP classifier. Finally, you will plot boundary decision, distribution of features, feature importance, cross validation score, and predicted values versus true values, confusion matrix, learning curve, performance of the model, scalability of the model, training loss, and training accuracy. PROJECT 4: DATA SCIENCE FOR SALES ANALYSIS, FORECASTING, CLUSTERING, AND PREDICTION WITH PYTHON The dataset used in this project is from Walmart which is a renowned retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets. Walmart has provided a data combining of 45 stores including store information and monthly sales. The data is provided on weekly basis. Walmart tries to find the impact of holidays on the sales of store. For which it has included four holidays’ weeks into the dataset which are Christmas, Thanksgiving, Super bowl, Labor Day. In this project, you are going to analyze, forecast weekly sales, perform clustering, and predict the resulting clusters. The dataset covers sales from 2010-02-05 to 2012-11-01. Following are the attributes in the dataset: Store - the store number; Date - the week of sales; Weekly_Sales - sales for the given store; Holiday_Flag - whether the week is a special holiday week 1 – Holiday week 0 – Non-holiday week; Temperature - Temperature on the day of sale; Fuel_Price - Cost of fuel in the region; CPI – Prevailing consumer price index; and Unemployment - Prevailing unemployment rate. To perform regression on weekly sales, you will use: Linear Regression, Random Forest regression, Decision Tree regression, Support Vector Machine regression, Naïve Bayes regression, K-Nearest Neighbor regression, Adaboost regression, Gradient Boosting regression, Extreme Gradient Boosting regression, Light Gradient Boosting regression, Catboost regression, and MLP regression. To perform clustering, you will use K-Means algorithm. The machine learning models used predict clusters as target variable are K-Nearest Neighbor classifier, Random Forest classifier, Naive Bayes classifier, Logistic Regression classifier, Decision Tree classifier, Support Vector Machine classifier, LGBM classifier, Gradient Boosting classifier, XGB classifier, and MLP classifier. Finally, you will plot boundary decision, distribution of features, feature importance, cross validation score, and predicted values versus true values, confusion matrix, learning curve, performance of the model, scalability of the model, training loss, and training accuracy.
DATA SCIENCE FOR GROCERIES MARKET ANALYSIS, CLUSTERING, AND PREDICTION WITH PYTHON GUI
The objective of this data science project is to analyze and predict customer behavior in the groceries market using Python and create a graphical user interface (GUI) using PyQt. The project encompasses various stages, starting from exploring the dataset and visualizing the distribution of features to RFM analysis, K-means clustering, predicting clusters with machine learning algorithms, and implementing a GUI for user interaction. The first step in this project involves exploring the dataset. We load the dataset containing information about customers' purchases in the groceries market and examine its structure. We check for missing values and perform data preprocessing if necessary, ensuring the dataset is ready for analysis. This initial exploration allows us to gain a better understanding of the data and its characteristics. Following the dataset exploration, we conduct exploratory data analysis (EDA). This step involves visualizing the distribution of different features within the dataset. By creating histograms, box plots, scatter plots, and other visualizations, we gain insights into the patterns, trends, and relationships within the data. EDA helps us identify outliers, understand feature distributions, and uncover potential correlations between variables. After the EDA phase, we move on to RFM analysis. RFM stands for Recency, Frequency, and Monetary analysis. In this step, we calculate three key metrics for each customer: recency (how recently a customer made a purchase), frequency (how often a customer made purchases), and monetary value (how much a customer spent). RFM analysis allows us to segment customers based on their purchasing behavior, identifying high-value customers and those who require re-engagement strategies. Once we have the clusters, we can utilize machine learning algorithms to predict the cluster for new or unseen customers. We train various models, including logistic regression, support vector machines, decision trees, k-nearest neighbors, random forests, gradient boosting, naive Bayes, adaboost, XGBoost, and LightGBM, on the clustered data. These models learn the patterns and relationships between customer features and their assigned clusters, enabling us to predict the cluster for new customers accurately. To evaluate the performance of our models, we utilize metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. These metrics allow us to measure the models' predictive capabilities and compare their performance across different algorithms and preprocessing techniques. By assessing the models' performance, we can select the most suitable model for cluster prediction in the groceries market analysis. In addition to the analysis and prediction components, this project aims to provide a user-friendly interface for interaction and visualization. To achieve this, we implement a GUI using PyQt, a Python library for creating desktop applications. The GUI allows users to input new customer data and predict the corresponding cluster based on the trained models. It provides visualizations of the analysis results, including cluster distributions, confusion matrices, and decision boundaries. The GUI allows users to select different machine learning models and preprocessing techniques through radio buttons or dropdown menus. This flexibility empowers users to explore and compare the performance of various models, enabling them to choose the most suitable approach for their specific needs. The GUI's interactive nature enhances the usability of the project and promotes effective decision-making based on the analysis results. In conclusion, this project combines data science methodologies, including dataset exploration, visualization, RFM analysis, K-means clustering, predictive modeling, and GUI implementation, to provide insights into customer behavior and enable accurate cluster prediction in the groceries market. By leveraging these techniques, businesses can enhance their marketing strategies, improve customer targeting and retention, and ultimately drive growth and profitability in a competitive market landscape. The project's emphasis on user interaction and visualization through the GUI ensures that businesses can easily access and interpret the analysis results, making informed decisions based on data-driven insights.