Controlling Structure Across Length Scales With Directed Assembly Of Colloidal Nanoparticles
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Controlling Structure Across Length Scales with Directed Assembly of Colloidal Nanoparticles
One of the promises of nanotechnology is the ability to create a bulk, designer material with its structure programmed at each length scale using deterministic control over the placement of each nanoscale component. Self-assembled nanoparticle colloids, particularly those directed by sequence-specific DNA hybridizations, have emerged as a promising building block for producing these designer materials from nanoparticles that arrange themselves into precise symmetries through mechanisms analogous to atomic crystallization. However, DNA-directed colloids and other self-assembled nanoparticle systems still struggle to realize the goal of arbitrary structure control at length scales larger than a few microns due to the complexity of forces impacting different scales simultaneously. Utilizing existing atomic analogues for inspiration, this work extends the structure-defining nature of these programmable building blocks by imposing lithographic boundary conditions and devising processing techniques resembling those of atomic thin films and powders. Crystallization at an interface is explored, and preferential grain growth from a substrate is demonstrated to control large scale crystal texture. Full crystal orientation control is achieved by using standard nano-fabrication techniques to construct a lithographically-defined template for epitaxial growth that can define arbitrary macroscale shapes over millimeters. The resulting crystallization platform exhibits remarkable resiliency to lattice mismatch due to the ‘soft’ nature of the DNA ligands binding nanoparticles together. The understanding garnered from the DNA-grafted nanoparticle as a model system is extended to a colloid synthesized from a more scalable and robust directing polymer, polystyrene. The unique advantages of this new building block enable the fabrication of truly bulk, 3D materials with arbitrary macroscale shape on the centimeter scale via sintering and post-processing of nanoparticle-based crystallites. The results of this work are nanoparticle-based materials with dictated structure from the nanoscale (crystallographic unit cell), through the microscale (crystallite size and orientation), to the macroscale (lithographically defined shape).
Statistical Methods for Materials Science
Data analytics has become an integral part of materials science. This book provides the practical tools and fundamentals needed for researchers in materials science to understand how to analyze large datasets using statistical methods, especially inverse methods applied to microstructure characterization. It contains valuable guidance on essential topics such as denoising and data modeling. Additionally, the analysis and applications section addresses compressed sensing methods, stochastic models, extreme estimation, and approaches to pattern detection.
Nanocrystal Quantum Dots
A review of recent advancements in colloidal nanocrystals and quantum-confined nanostructures, Nanocrystal Quantum Dots is the second edition of Semiconductor and Metal Nanocrystals: Synthesis and Electronic and Optical Properties, originally published in 2003. This new title reflects the book’s altered focus on semiconductor nanocrystals. Gathering contributions from leading researchers, this book contains new chapters on carrier multiplication (generation of multiexcitons by single photons), doping of semiconductor nanocrystals, and applications of nanocrystals in biology. Other updates include: New insights regarding the underlying mechanisms supporting colloidal nanocrystal growth A revised general overview of multiexciton phenomena, including spectral and dynamical signatures of multiexcitons in transient absorption and photoluminescence Analysis of nanocrystal-specific features of multiexciton recombination A review of the status of new field of carrier multiplication Expanded coverage of theory, covering the regime of high-charge densities New results on quantum dots of lead chalcogenides, with a focus studies of carrier multiplication and the latest results regarding Schottky junction solar cells Presents useful examples to illustrate applications of nanocrystals in biological labeling, imaging, and diagnostics The book also includes a review of recent progress made in biological applications of colloidal nanocrystals, as well as a comparative analysis of the advantages and limitations of techniques for preparing biocompatible quantum dots. The authors summarize the latest developments in the synthesis and understanding of magnetically doped semiconductor nanocrystals, and they present a detailed discussion of issues related to the synthesis, magneto-optics, and photoluminescence of doped colloidal nanocrystals as well. A valuable addition to the pantheon of literature in the field of nanoscience, this book presents pioneering research from experts whose work has led to the numerous advances of the past several years.