Contents Hide Top History Beginnings Under The Fatimids Saladin Mamluks Ottomans Post Ottoman Modernization Recent Years Religious Ideology Council Of Senior Scholars Views Notable People See Also Notes References Further Reading Online External Links Al Azhar University
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Islam, Authoritarianism, and Underdevelopment
Author: Ahmet T. Kuru
language: en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date: 2019-08-01
Why do Muslim-majority countries exhibit high levels of authoritarianism and low levels of socio-economic development in comparison to world averages? Ahmet T. Kuru criticizes explanations which point to Islam as the cause of this disparity, because Muslims were philosophically and socio-economically more developed than Western Europeans between the ninth and twelfth centuries. Nor was Western colonialism the cause: Muslims had already suffered political and socio-economic problems when colonization began. Kuru argues that Muslims had influential thinkers and merchants in their early history, when religious orthodoxy and military rule were prevalent in Europe. However, in the eleventh century, an alliance between orthodox Islamic scholars (the ulema) and military states began to emerge. This alliance gradually hindered intellectual and economic creativity by marginalizing intellectual and bourgeois classes in the Muslim world. This important study links its historical explanation to contemporary politics by showing that, to this day, ulema-state alliance still prevents creativity and competition in Muslim countries.
Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia
Author: A. C. S. Peacock
language: en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date: 2019-10-17
A new understanding of the transformation of Anatolia to a Muslim society in the thirteenth-fourteenth centuries based on previously unpublished sources.
World History as the History of Foundations, 3000 BCE to 1500 CE
In World History as the History of Foundations, 3000 BCE to 1500 CE, Michael Borgolte investigates the origins and development of foundations from Antiquity to the end of the Middle Ages. In his survey foundations emerge not as mere legal institutions, but rather as “total social phenomena” which touch upon manifold aspects, including politics, the economy, art and religion of the cultures in which they emerged. Cross-cultural in its approach and the result of decades of research, this work represents by far the most comprehensive account of the history of foundations that has hitherto been published.