Conceptual Design Of Precast Concrete Bridge Superstructures
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Conceptual Design of Precast Concrete Bridge Superstructures
Author: FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete
language: en
Publisher: FIB - International Federation for Structural Concrete
Release Date: 2021-08-01
Concrete bridges are an important part of today's road infrastructure. An important part of those concrete bridges is to a large extent prefabricated. Precast concrete enables all the advantages of an industrialized process to be fully utilized. Contemporary concrete mixtures are used to realize high-strength bridge girders and piers that exactly meet the requirements set, both structurally and aesthetically, with a small ecological footprint. Sustainable and durable! On the construction site, there is no need for complex formwork, the execution time is drastically reduced and where road, water and rail traffic on or under the bridge has to be temporarily interrupted, it is only minimally inconvenienced during the execution of the project. Bridges capture the imagination. In addition to their pure functionality, overcoming a height difference, they offer designers unprecedented opportunities to shape their creativity, including when using precast concrete. This bulletin, prepared by the experts of Task Group 6.5 'Precast concrete bridges', takes a closer look at the conceptual (preliminary) design of prefabricated concrete bridges. The bulletin does not have the ambition to define the umbrella term 'conceptual design' but shows in a pragmatic way, using 24 examples spread all over the world, how leading designers use this methodology to select from the many possibilities to arrive at an ideal solution taking into account all design conditions. One often reads that experience is a necessary condition for good conceptual design. The pooled knowledge and experience in this bulletin already provide the reader with a good head start. Commission 6 thanks the former convener of the Task Group Hugo Corres, editor of this document, and the current co-conveners Marcello Waimberg and Ken-ichi Kata as well as all active members of the Task Group for sharing their knowledge and experience and for the successful realization of this bulletin.
2022 fib Awards for Outstanding Concrete Structures
Author: FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete
language: en
Publisher: FIB - International Federation for Structural Concrete
Release Date: 2022-06-15
The fib has two major missions now. One is to work toward the publication of the Model Code 2020, and the other is to respond to the global movement toward carbon neutrality. While the former is steadily progressing toward completion, the latter will require significant efforts for generations to come. As we all know, cement, the primary material for concrete, is a sector that accounts for 8.5% of the world’s CO2 emissions. And the structural concrete that fib handles consume 60% of that. In other words, we need to know the reality that our structural concrete is emitting 5% of the world’s CO2. From now on, fib members, suppliers, designers, builders, owner’s engineers, and academic researchers will be asked how to solve this difficult problem. In general, most of the CO2 emissions in the life cycle of structural concrete come from the production stage of materials and the use stage after construction, i.e. A1 to A3 and B1 to B5 processes as defined in EN15978. Cement and steel sectors, which are the main materials for structural concrete, are expected to take various measures to achieve zero carbon in their respective sectors by 2050. Until then, we must deal with the transition with our low carbon technologies. Regarding the production stage, the fib has recently launched TG4.8 “Low carbon concrete”. And the latest low carbon technologies will be discussed there. On the other hand, in the use stage, there is very little data on the relationship between durability and intervention and maintenance so far. The data accumulation here is the work of the fib, a group of various experts on structural concrete. Through-life management using highly durable structures and precise monitoring will enable to realize minimum maintenance in the use stage and to minimize CO2 emissions. Furthermore, it is also possible to contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions in the further stage after the first cycle by responding to the circular economy, that is, deconstruction (C), reuse, and recycle (D). However, the technology in this field is still in its infancy, and further research and development is expected in the future. As described above, structural concrete can be carbon neutral in all aspects of its conception, and it can make a significant contribution when it is realized. The fib will have to address these issues in the future. Of course, it will not be easy, and it will take time. However, if we do not continue our efforts as the only international academic society on structural concrete in the world to achieve carbon neutrality, the significance of our very existence may be questioned. Long before Portland cement was invented, Roman concrete, made of volcanic ash and other materials, was the ultimate low-carbon material, and is still in use 2’000 years later because of its non-reinforced structure and lack of deterioration factors. Reinforced concrete, which made it possible to apply concrete to structures other than arches and domes, is only 150 years old. Prestressed concrete is even younger, with only 80 years of history. Now that we think about it, we realize that Roman concrete, which is non-reinforced low carbon concrete, is one of the examples of problem solving that we are trying to achieve. We have new materials, such as coated reinforcement, FRP, and fiber reinforced concrete, which can be used in any structural form. To overcome this challenge with all our wisdom would be to live up to the feat the Romans accomplished 2’000 years ago. Realizing highly durable and elegant structures with low-carbon concrete is the key to meet the demands of the world in the future. I hope you will enjoy reading this AOS brochure showing the Outstanding Concrete Structures Awards at the fib 2022 Congress in Oslo. And I also hope you will find some clues for the challenges we are facing.
Precast Concrete in Tall Buildings
Author: FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete
language: en
Publisher: FIB - International Federation for Structural Concrete
Release Date: 2021-12-01
There has been continued global growth in tall building construction over recent years. The variation in the use of such buildings is remarkable, from lavish hotels and apartments to socially affordable units. As the world struggles to cope with growing numbers of people, dwindling resources and movements from rural to urban habitats it is unavoidable that population densities will increase, and more efficient use of scarce land will be needed. Taller buildings are the inevitable consequence. Tall buildings can use several different types of material to form their framework and envelope. Those materials are mixed to provide an optimum building solution to suit client requirements such as structure, occupancy, vision, affordability, timing, sustainability and quality. Precast concrete is one of those materials, and has been used from whole frameworks to facades, and elements mixed with structural steelwork and cast in place concrete. This state of the art report shows how precast concrete can be effectively integrated into tall buildings using modern materials and techniques, drawing on the experience and expertise that is currently available in the global precast concrete industry. The report is aimed at not only building professionals and students, but also at contractors, investors, owners, public bodies and any other parties interested in the possibilities for use of precast concrete in tall building construction. Extensive case studies at the end of the Bulletin illustrate the benefits and applications discussed in the earlier chapters.