Computer Simulation Of Dynamic Phenomena

Computer Simulation of Dynamic Phenomena

This text describes computer programs for simulating phenomena in hydro dynamics, gas dynamics, and elastic plastic flow in one, two, and three dimen sions. Included in the two-dimensional program are Maxwell's equations and thermal and radiation diffusion. The programs were developed by the author during the years 1952-1985 at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The largest main-frame computers available in the early 1950s were re quired to solve hydrodynamic problems in one space dimension by using forty mass points. Subsequently, numerical methods were developed for solv ing problems in two and three space dimensions, but application of these methods had to wait until the main-frame computers were large enough to tackle meaningful problems. At the present time, lap-top computers can use these methods to solve problems in three space dimensions with the detail of 10 000 mass points. The numerical procedures described in the text permit the exact con servation of physical properties in the solutions of the fundamental laws of mechanics: (1) conservation of mass, (2) conservation of momentum, (3) con servation of energy. The laws of mechanics are universal in their application. Examples are given for the same computer simulation programs solving prob lems of penetration mechanics, surface waves from earthquakes, shock waves in solids and gases, failure of materials.

Computer Simulation of Dynamic Phenomena

Modeling Dynamic Phenomena in Molecular and Cellular Biology

The dynamic development of various processes is a central problem of biology and indeed of all the sciences. The mathematics describing that development is, in general, complicated, because the models that are realistic are usually nonlinear. Consequently many biologists may not notice a possible application of theory. They may be unable to decide whether a particular model captures the essence of a system, or to appreciate that analysis of a model can reveal important aspects of biological problems and may even describe in detail how a system works. The aim of this textbook is to remedy the situation by adopting a general approach to model analysis and applying it several times to problems (drawn primarily from molecular and cellular biology) of gradually increasing biological and mathematical complexity. Although material of considerable sophistication is included, little mathematical background is required - only some exposure to elementary calculus; appendixes supply the necessary mathematics and the author concentrates on concepts rather than techniques. He also emphasizes the role of computers in giving a full picture of model behavior and complementing more qualitative analysis. Some problems suitable for computer analysis are also included. This is a class-tested textbook suitable for a one-semester course for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in biology or applied mathematics. It can also be used as a source book for teachers and a reference for specialists.