Commerce Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam
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Commerce Notes for Assistant Professor UGC NTA NET Exam
Author: Mocktime Publication
language: en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date: 101-01-01
Syllabus: 1. Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic (systems, policies - Monetary/fiscal), Political (role of government), Legal (Consumer Protection Act, FEMA), Socio-cultural factors, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). 2. International business: Scope, importance, Globalization (drivers), Modes of entry; Theories of international trade, Government intervention, Tariff/non-tariff barriers, India’s foreign trade policy. 3. Foreign direct investment (FDI) & Foreign portfolio investment (FPI): Types, Costs/benefits (home/host countries), Trends, India’s FDI policy; Balance of payments (BOP): Importance, components. 4. Regional Economic Integration (Levels, Trade creation/diversion effects, Agreements: EU, ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA); International Economic institutions (IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD); WTO (Functions, objectives, Agriculture Agreement, GATS, TRIPS, TRIMS). 5. Basic accounting principles, concepts, postulates; Partnership Accounts (Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution, Insolvency). 6. Corporate Accounting (Issue, forfeiture, reissue of shares; Liquidation; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation, reconstruction); Holding company accounts. 7. Cost & Management Accounting: Marginal costing & Break-even; Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Decision-making costing; Life cycle, Target, Kaizen costing, JIT. 8. Financial Statements Analysis (Ratio, Funds flow, Cash flow); Human Resources, Inflation, Environmental Accounting; Indian Accounting Standards & IFRS; Auditing (Independent financial audit, Vouching, Verification/valuation, Audit report, Cost audit); Recent Auditing Trends (Management, Energy, Environment, Systems, Safety). 9. Business economics: Meaning, scope; Objectives of business firms; Demand analysis (Law, Elasticity & measurement, AR/MR relationship). 10. Consumer behavior (Utility analysis, Indifference curve analysis); Law of Variable Proportions; Law of Returns to Scale. 11. Theory of cost (Short-run & long-run cost curves); Price determination: Perfect competition, Monopolistic competition. 12. Price determination: Oligopoly (Price leadership), Monopoly, Price discrimination; Pricing strategies (Skimming, Penetration, Peak load). 13. Finance: Scope, sources; Lease financing; Cost of capital; Time value of money; Capital structure. 14. Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional & scientific techniques of analysis; Working capital management. 15. Dividend decision: Theories, policies; Risk & return analysis; Asset securitization. 16. International monetary system; Foreign exchange market, Exchange rate risk & hedging; International financial markets/instruments (Euro currency, GDRs, ADRs); International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting. 17. Measures: Central tendency, Dispersion, Skewness; Correlation & regression (two variables). 18. Probability (Approaches, Bayes’ theorem); Probability distributions (Binomial, Poisson, Normal). 19. Research: Concept, types, designs; Data: Collection, classification; Sampling & estimation (Concepts, Methods - probability/non-probability, Sampling distribution, Central limit theorem, Standard error, Statistical estimation). 20. Hypothesis testing (z-test, t-test, ANOVA, Chi–square, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis H-test, Rank correlation); Report writing. 21. Management: Principles, functions; Organization structure (Formal/informal, Span of control); Responsibility & authority (Delegation, decentralization). 22. Motivation & leadership (Concept, theories); Corporate governance & business ethics. 23. HRM: Concept, role, functions; HR planning; Recruitment & selection; Training & development; Succession planning; Compensation management (Job evaluation, Incentives, fringe benefits). 24. Performance appraisal (incl. 360 degree); Collective bargaining & workers’ participation; Personality, Perception, Attitudes, Emotions; Group dynamics, Power & politics; Conflict & negotiation; Stress management; Organizational Culture, Development & Change. 25. Indian financial system overview; Types of banks (Commercial, RRBs, Foreign, Cooperative); RBI (Functions, Role, monetary policy management). 26. Banking sector reforms in India (Basel norms, Risk management, NPA management); Financial markets (Money, Capital, Government securities). 27. Financial Institutions (DFIs, NBFCs, Mutual Funds, Pension Funds); Financial Regulators in India; Financial sector reforms (incl. financial inclusion). 28. Digitisation of banking & financial services (Internet/mobile banking, Digital payments); Insurance (Types: Life/Non-life, Risk classification/management, Insurability limits, Re-insurance, IRDA & role). 29. Marketing: Concept, approaches, channels, mix; Strategic marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting, positioning. 30. Product decisions (Concept, line, mix, life cycle, new product development); Pricing decisions (Factors, policies, strategies). 31. Promotion decisions (Role, methods: Advertising, Personal selling, Publicity, Sales promotion tools/techniques, Promotion mix); Distribution decisions (Channels, management). 32. Consumer Behaviour (Process, influencing factors); Service marketing; Trends (Social, Online, Green, Direct, Rural marketing, CRM); Logistics management. 33. Indian Contract Act, 1872 (Valid contract elements, Capacity, Free consent, Discharge, Breach & remedies, Quasi contracts); Special contracts (Indemnity/guarantee, Bailment/pledge, Agency). 34. Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (Sale/agreement to sell, Caveat Emptor, Rights of unpaid seller/buyer); Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (Types, Negotiation/assignment, Dishonour/discharge). 35. Companies Act, 2013 (Nature/kinds of companies, Formation, Management, meetings, winding up); Limited Liability Partnership (Structure, formation procedure). 36. Competition Act, 2002 (Objectives, provisions); IT Act, 2000 (Objectives, provisions, Cyber crimes/penalties); RTI Act, 2005 (Objectives, provisions); IPRs (Patents, trademarks, copyrights, Emerging issues); GST (Objectives, provisions, Benefits, Implementation, Dual GST). 37. Income-tax: Basic concepts, Residential status & tax incidence, Exempted incomes, Agricultural income. 38. Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes. 39. International Taxation: Double taxation & its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing. 40. Corporate Tax Planning: Concepts, significance; Tax avoidance vs. tax evasion; Techniques; Tax considerations in specific business situations (Make/buy, Own/lease, Retain/Renew/Replace asset, Shut down/continue); Deduction/collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax; E-filing of income-tax returns.
Indian Culture Notes for Assistant Professor UGC NTA NET Exam
Author: Mocktime Publication
language: en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date: 101-01-01
Syllabus: 1. Meaning and concepts of Culture: encompassing Traditional and Modern concepts, alongside Notions of Culture in textual tradition, and anthropological, archaeological, and sociological understanding of the term culture. 2. Elements of Culture, the concept of Indianness, the value system, and the fundamental relation between culture and civilization. 3. Historiography and approaches to the study of Indian Culture: including Stereotypes, Objectivity and Bias, and Imperialist, Nationalist, Marxist, and Subaltern perspectives; also covering the Heritage of India and the world’s debt to Indian Culture. 4. Archaeological Sources for the Study of Indian Culture: cultural remains, Monuments, Numismatics, and Epigraphy. 5. Literary sources and Oral traditions; Foreign Accounts; and Archival sources as means for the Study of Indian Culture. 6. Pre-historic Stone age cultures, detailing palaeolithic, mesolithic, and neolithic periods, and Protohistoric cultures, including the chalcolithic horizon. 7. Harappan Culture: addressing current debates on nomenclature and scripts, and detailing Town planning and architecture, art, social, religious, and economic life. 8. The evolution of India’s main language families. 9. Early Vedic and later Vedic ideas and institutions: covering social, religious, economic, political, and scientific aspects. 10. Post Vedic developments: including Religious Movements, the emergence of states, Shramana traditions (Buddhism, Jainism, Ajivikas, and other sects), and the Education system and centres like Taxila and Kashi. 11. Mauryan and Post-Mauryan Ideas and Institutions: examining Social, Religious, Economic, and Political structures; Ashoka’s Dhamma; and Scripts like Brahmi and Kharosthi. 12. The Impact of Foreign Invasions on India; and the development of Art and Architecture during the Mauryan and Post-Mauryan periods. 13. Literature of the Mauryan and Post-Mauryan period: featuring Arthasashtra, Manusmriti, Natyashastra, Panchatantra, Buddhacharit, and Saundarananda; alongside Scientific Achievements of Nagarjuna, Sushruta, and Charaka. 14. The Education System and Centres during Mauryan and Post-Mauryan times; the Sangam Age, focusing on its Society and Culture; and India's Contacts with the outside world. 15. Gupta and Post-Gupta Ideas and Institutions: exploring social, religious, philosophical, economic, and political dimensions. 16. Scientific Achievements (Mathematics, Astronomy, Metallurgy) and Art and Architecture (evolution of Temples, Paintings of Ajanta and Bagh) during the Gupta and Post-Gupta period. 17. Literature of the Gupta and Post-Gupta era: Kalidasa, Banabhatta, Bharavi, Magha, Bhavabhuti, Dandi; Canonical Texts such as Vishnu Dharmottara Purana; the Education system and centres like Nalanda and Valabhi; and Contacts with the outside world. 18. Early Medieval Society: Legacies of Classical ideas, emergence of new trends, Proliferation of castes, outcastes, Vishti (forced labour), Slavery, and the Position of women; Polity characterized by feudalism; and Economy marked by de-urbanization and an agrarian system. 19. Religion in the Early Medieval Period: Vedic-Puranic traditions, Shramana tradition, Tantra, Bhakti movements; Philosophical thoughts including Shaddarshana; notable Philosophers like Shankara and Ramanuja; and the Pilgrimmage tradition. 20. Art and Architecture in Early Medieval India, featuring Nagara, Dravida, Bhumija, and Vesara styles; Education system and centres such as Vikramashila and Nalanda; and Scientific achievements in Mathematics and Astronomy. 21. Literature of the Early Medieval Period: Kalhana’s Rajatarangini and Al-Birunis’ Kitabul Hind; India's Contacts with Islam; and Canonical texts like Samaranganasutradhara, Manasara, Bhuvanapradeepa, and Sadhanamala. 22. Delhi Sultanate - Ideas and Institutions: Political structures like Iqta and the impact of the new ruling class on society; Economic aspects including market reforms, growth of new urban centres, percolation of Islam in rural areas, resistance and acceptance, and the Extent of slavery. 23. Religion in the Sultanate Period: Acharya traditions, the Bhakti tradition featuring Kabir and Ravidas, and the emergence of Sufism, particularly the Chishti and Suhrawardy orders. 24. Art and Architecture during the Sultanate Period: emergence of the Sultanate school of architecture and paintings, regional styles, and various religious and secular structures; Literature encompassing Sanskrit, Persian, Regional languages, and the emergence of Hindawi (Amir Khusrau, Chandabardai); and the Education system. 25. Vijay Nagar Empire: its Ideas and Institutions, particularly the political system of Nayankara; its Art and Architecture, Literature, and Educational institutions. 26. Mughal Ideas and Institutions: Polity aspects such as Mansab and Jagir, and Watan Jagir; Economic systems like Zamindari and Zabt; and Society, including the Aristocracy, emergence of middle classes, labourers, Slaves, and the Position of Women. 27. Religion and Philosophy in the Mughal Period: the growth of Vaishnava Bhakti, Panthiesm, and Sufi traditions like Sulh-i kul and Naqshabandis; key religious figures including Gurunanaka, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Meerabai, Narayanabhatta, and Raghunandana. 28. Literature during the Mughal Period: development in Sanskrit, Persian, and vernacular languages, featuring Tulasidasa, Suradasa, Abdur Rahim Khan-i-khanan, Abdul Fazl, Faizi, Badauni, and Banarasidas (Ardhakathanaka); and the Translation of religious texts by Akbar and Dara-Shukoh. 29. Art and Architecture in the Mughal era: Emergence of Mughal Schools; Temples of Vrindavan such as Gobinda Deva and Keshava Das Temple; and Four Quarter Gardens; Education, including the introduction of new education curricullum from Akbar’s period onwards (Dars-inizami), and religious syncretism in coinage, miniatures, and structures. 30. Science and Technology during the Mughal Period: Introduction of mechanical devices, pindrum gearing, and the astrolabe; Sawai Jai Singh’s observatories; and the Arrival of Europeans (Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English, French) and their impact. 31. Emergence of successor states and their cultural developments in the Modern Period: Awadh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas, and Rajputana. 32. The Impact of Western ideas and Indian responses: European studies of India, including the work of William Jones and the Asiatic Society, Fort William College, and the influence of Christian missionaries. 33. The Emergence and Development of the New Education System during the Modern Period. 34. The Indian Cultural Renaissance and Socio-Religious reform movements: focusing on Reformists such as the Brahama Samaja, Aligarh Movement, Ramakrishna Mission, and Theosophical Society. 35. Revivalist movements like the Wahabi and Arya Samaj Movement; alongside Dalit Movements and Sikh reform movements. 36. Administrative Measures undertaken in the Modern Period: specifically legislation concerning women, education, and social evils. 37. Literature in the Modern Period: the emergence of Shahr Ashob as a genre. 38. Prominent Urdu literary figures (Mirza Ghalib, Allama Iqbal) and Hindi literary figures (Bhartendu Harishchand, Prem Chand) of the Modern Period. 39. Key Bengali literary figures (Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Rabindranath Tagore, Qazi Nazrul Islam) of the Modern Period. 40. Science and Technology in the Modern Period: the emergence of modern science and technology.
Comparaive Religion Notes for Assistant Professor UGC NTA NET Exam
Author: Mocktime Publication
language: en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date: 101-01-01
Syllabus: 1. Conceptual Framework: The Emergence of Comparative Literature, Difference/Alterity, the Ethics of Plurality, and Limitations of the Idea of National Literature. 2. Conceptual Framework: Theories of Interpretation. 3. Literary Historiography: Sources of Literary History: Oral, Manuscriptal, Scriptal and Virtual. 4. Literary Historiography: Approaches to Literary History: Integrationist and other models. 5. Literary Historiography: Problems of Periodization. 6. History of Comparative Literature: French, German, Russian and Tel Aviv Schools. 7. History of Comparative Literature: Comparative Literature in India: From Tagore to the Present. 8. History of Comparative Literature: World Literature: From Goethe to the Present. 9. History of Comparative Literature: “The State of the Discipline” Reports. 10. Translation in Comparative Context: History and Politics of Translation. 11. Translation in Comparative Context: Translation as Reception. 12. Translation in Comparative Context: Problems and Promises of Translation in Multilingual Situations. 13. Translation in Comparative Context: Untranslatability and Silence. 14. Poetics and Literary Theory: Indian Poetics: Sanskrit and Tamil traditions. 15. Poetics and Literary Theory: Perso-Arabic Traditions. 16. Poetics and Literary Theory: Western Classical Literary Theory. 17. Indian Literature – I: Classical – Sanskrit, Tamil, Pali and other literary traditions. 18. Indian Literature – I: Medieval – Formations of Language-Literature (bhasha) Traditions in India; Bhakti, Sant and Sufi Literature. 19. Indian Literature – I: Contact with West Asian, South-east Asian and South Asian literary traditions. 20. Indian Literature – II: Modernity as a concept. 21. Indian Literature – II: Colonial Modernity: Transactions with Western Forms and Literary Traditions. 22. Indian Literature – II: Modernity as Discourse: Multiple Modernisms in the Context of Various Language-Literatures. 23. Indian Literature – II: Discontents of Modernity: Literatures of Women, Adivasis, Dalits, Minorities and others. 24. Literary Modes, Genres and Themes: The “literary” as a convention. 25. Literary Modes, Genres and Themes: Mode and Performativity: Tragedy, Epic and Novel. 26. Literary Modes, Genres and Themes: Genres: Theories; Taxonomy: Generic Markers and Transformations. 27. Literary Modes, Genres and Themes: Themes: Motifs, Myth, Archetypes. 28. Interdisciplinarity (Literary Studies and Other Disciplines) and Intermediality (Literature and Other Arts: Texts Across Mediums). 29. Literary Dialogues: Intertextuality, Parody and Pastiche. 30. Literary Dialogues: Re-writing in Diachronic and Synchronic Frames. 31. Literary Dialogues: Adaptation, Appropriation and Assimilation. Comparative Study of Religions (PROPOSED TITLE: RELIGIOUS STUDIES) (Code No. : 62) 32. Study of Religion: Meaning, Definition, Nature, and Scope of Religion. 33. Study of Religion: Theories on the Origin of Religion, and Aims and objectives of the Study of Religion. 34. Dimensions of Religion (Doctrinal, social, moral code of conduct, devotional praxis) and Religion’s Relationship with other Disciplines (Theology, Ethics, Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology, Culture and Arts). 35. Pre-historical Religious Forms: Early forms of Religious Expression (Mana, Magic, Fetishes, Shamans, Totem, Taboo, Ancestor worship) and the Nature of Holy (Animism, Naturism, Theism, Polytheism, Henotheism, Deism, Monotheism, Pantheism, and Panentheism). 36. Pre-historical Religious Forms: Task and Objectives (Myths, Rituals, Rites of Passage, Sacraments, Prayers, Festivals, Sacrifices) and the Meaning and Nature of concepts like Syncretism, Mysticism, Schism, Sect, etc. 37. Religion of the Major Civilizations (Indus Valley, Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Chinese) and Zoroastrianism (Beliefs and Practices). 38. Modern Trends: Approaches to the Study of Religion: Anthropological, Sociological, Phenomenological, Psychological, Historical, and Experiential. 39. Modern Trends: Challenges to Religion: Atheism, Agnosticism, Existentialism, Humanism, Marxism, Rationalism, Materialism, Secularism, Relativism, Globalization, Clash of Civilizations. 40. Modern Trends in the Study of Religion: Holistic or all inclusive approach, interfaith understanding and dialogue, co-existence, human rights, empowerment of the Subaltern or social justice, gender equality, ecology and environment, world peace and harmony.