Collective Phenomena In Plasmas And Elsewhere
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Collective Phenomena in Plasmas and Elsewhere
The Universe is made up of systems consisting of a very large number of particles interacting in a very complex way. When studying these systems, a precise microscopic approach is unattainable. In practice, the best strategy is one that is able to “distinguish” between superfluous information and the information needed to make predictions about the evolution of the system. There are two main competing approaches: kinetic and hydrodynamic. Collective Phenomena in Plasmas and Elsewhere presents an overview of the theoretical bases of these kinetic and hydrodynamic approaches, but also discusses their limitations, the links between them and their extension to quantum mechanics and relativity. These methods were born in part out of the study of plasmas, but they also have more universal applications. A general framework for these approaches is outlined, followed by some applications in plasmas, gravitation, Bose–Einstein condensates and dark matter. Particular emphasis is placed on the analogies that can be made between all these different systems.
Fluid Mechanics at Interfaces 3
Interfaces are present in most fluid mechanics problems. They not only denote phase separations and boundary conditions, but also thin flames and discontinuity waves. Fluid Mechanics at Interfaces 3 firstly positions models as relative to applications (i.e. pollution, drops for propulsion, wind power, etc.), then emphasizes the importance of social consequences. Chapter 1 examines the questions raised by simulation of a pollutant's concentration degradation in permanent 2D flow using the finite element method. Chapter 2 considers an approximate analytical solution for mixed injection regimes, which acts on drop vaporization frequency response. Chapter 3 examines the case of an incompressible external flow of uniform speed at infinity, leading the liquid in the drop by friction. Chapter 4 gives a summary of combustion-based weapons and their effects. Chapter 5 then looks at the shifting interface in spacetime. Chapter 6 limits itself to two key concepts: the first is that of capillary interfaces where surface tension is present even at equilibrium, the second is that of thin flames which only exist outside of equilibrium, but which can be considered as generalized interfaces. Chapter 7 challenges the idea of constituents of matter, leading to radically transforming chemistry. Chapter 8 is concerned by the modeling of partial wetting by macroscopic approach in discrete mechanics. Chapter 9 states a numerical method of finished differences, making it possible to calculate the variables describing an average flow. Chapter 10 considers circulation in the vessels of the human body. Chapter 11 contributes by generalizing the classical series solution for initial boundary value problems of the 1D reaction-diffusion equations on any finite interval of the real line.
Plasmas in the Laboratory and in the Universe
Author: Giuseppe Bertin
language: en
Publisher: American Institute of Physics
Release Date: 2004-03-26
The volume illustrates the State of the art and new directions in plasma physics, space physics, and astrophysics. It covers several hot topics of interdisciplinary interest where progress is made by the use of joint expertise. It summarizes an unusually lively symposium that has gathered world experts with a broad spectrum of research interests. Interdisciplinary meetings at the border between plasma physics and astrophysics are becoming increasingly important. In the recent past, several proceedings volumes have been devoted to astrophysical plasmas. This volume has the unique feature of being professional but not specialized, because it covers an unusually broad spectrum of topics under the common theme of the study of complex and collective phenomena in macroscopic systems, from the scale of laboratory plasma experiments to the scale of the universe. Included are: - basic plasma processes - space plasmas, planetary plasmas, and the heliosphere - solar and stellar plasmas - plasmas around compact objects - plasmas in galaxies - plasmas in clusters of galaxies - cosmological plasmas - testing plasma astrophysics in the laboratory