Cognitivism Vs Constructivism
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Teaching and learning theories. Behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism
Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Pedagogy - Theory of Science, Anthropology, grade: 1,0, University of Münster, language: English, abstract: The paper begins with a definition of "learning" and "learning theories". In a second part, the three learning theories behaviourism, cognitivism and constructivism are presented. Subsequently, the theoretical explanations are supplemented by three learning programmes, whereby each learning software can be assigned to a specific learning theory. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the three learning theories and their applications in the classroom will be discussed. The human learning process has always been the subject of intensive scientific research, as it is one of the most fascinating and at the same time complex phenomena of all. Humans are capable of learning from birth; babies, for example, learn very quickly how to communicate their needs. The powerful brain (good memory, abstract thinking) and the natural curiosity of humans underline this fact. Learning happens not only consciously (e.g.in school) but often unconsciously (e.g. language acquisition of infants). Nevertheless, not all sensory impressions are stored by the human brain - sensory perceptions are selected and evaluated. For teachers in particular, the question arises as to how their pupils learn so that they can optimally support and accompany the learning processes. In the pedagogical discussion, three learning theories have emerged in recent decades that explain the human learning process very differently: Behaviourism, which emerged in the first half of the 20th century and still has a great influence in the scientific discussion today, cognitivism, which emerged from the criticism of behaviourism, and finally constructivism, which increasingly found its way into the discussion in the 1990s.
Naturalism and Constructivism in Metaethics
Author: Sofia Bonicalzi
language: en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date: 2014-04-11
In this collection of essays, several authors, belonging to different generations and philosophical traditions, discuss ample ethical and metaethical issues together with their relations to questions of applied ethics. The volume provides a wide account of some of the main topics in these fields, thus dealing with nearly everything that human beings hold as valuable. Expert scholars and young researchers contribute to this virtual symposium, reframing the current philosophical debates about the definition and the history of the concept of Naturalism, the different declinations of Kantian Constructivism, the functioning of Rational Choice Theory, the complex role played by Neuroscience in redefining the contours of ethical theories and bioethics, the puzzles of Deontic Logic, and the bases of Animal Ethics. Divided into three sections, presented by comprehensive introductions by Sofia Bonicalzi, Leonardo Caffo and Mattia Sorgon, the present collection includes contributions by Martina Belmonte, Michele Borri, Luciana Ceri, Guglielmo Feis, Matteo Grasso, Andrea Lavazza, Sarah Songhorian, and Francesca Vitale. Each author develops a distinctive and independent position, while critically engaging with the central themes of contemporary reflection. This new, major study will benefit moral philosophers, philosophers of science, and scientists concerned with bioethics, while at the same time stimulating and challenging anyone who is curious about the nature and the origins of ethical and metaethical enquiries.
Classroom Culture and Dynamics
The classroom is the primary laboratory for educational development and its culture and dynamics are of no small importance. This new book presents carefully selected global analyses of important issues in classroom development from emotional intelligence to information technology to presentation of learning styles and strategies and psychological motivation.