Cloning Branching Patterns The Major Transitions Of Evolution Other Writings
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Cloning, Branching Patterns, the Major Transitions of Evolution, & Other writings
Author: Christopher Portosa Stevens
language: en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date: 2018-08-07
Sample: "What does language do? Or, what does culture do? Language and culture are non-genetic mechanisms for increasing the number of qualities across individuals, and language and culture also increase the capacity for intraspecific assortative mating across individuals in the human species (by increasing the number of dissimilarities and categories of similarities across individuals in the human species). It is interesting to consider functional analogies amongst animals and plants: Birdsong and feather colors in bird species, and the colors and shapes of angiosperm flowering plant species play similar functions in these species, i.e., they increase the number and differentiation of characteristics across individual organisms, thus increasing the capacity for assortative mating across individual organisms in bird species (intraspecific assortative mating), and increasing the capacity for assortative mating across angiosperm species and insect, bee, and bird species (interspecific assortative mating).""
Cloning, Branching Patterns, Major Transitions of Evolution, and Other Writings
This book concerns branching patterns, including new principles for explaining the conditions under which branching patterns emerge. Moreover, the strategy of comparing populations of clones to natural populations may have applications and uses across scientific disciplines and sub-fields, in addition to being a way of generating new predictions related to biological phenomena and biological systems, or across political science and organizational variation. That is, computer scientists, mathematicians, and scientists from various fields have been doing simulations of branching patterns since the mid-20th century; however, it has not been recognized that comparing populations of clones to natural populations or random samples of natural populations is a way to collapse the distribution of characteristics or branching patterns of the natural populations. As suggested in the book, comparing populations of clones to natural populations is a strategy for identifying and visualizing branching patterns across scientific disciplines.
Cancer Evolution
Tumor progression is driven by mutations that confer growth advantages to different subpopulations of cancer cells. As a tumor grows, these subpopulations expand, accumulate new mutations, and are subjected to selective pressures from the environment, including anticancer interventions. This process, termed clonal evolution, can lead to the emergence of therapy-resistant tumors and poses a major challenge for cancer eradication efforts. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines cancer progression as an evolutionary process and explores how this way of looking at cancer may lead to more effective strategies for managing and treating it. The contributors review efforts to characterize the subclonal architecture and dynamics of tumors, understand the roles of chromosomal instability, driver mutations, and mutation order, and determine how cancer cells respond to selective pressures imposed by anticancer agents, immune cells, and other components of the tumor microenvironment. They compare cancer evolution to organismal evolution and describe how ecological theories and mathematical models are being used to understand the complex dynamics between a tumor and its microenvironment during cancer progression. The authors also discuss improved methods to monitor tumor evolution (e.g., liquid biopsies) and the development of more effective strategies for managing and treating cancers (e.g., immunotherapies). This volume will therefore serve as a vital reference for all cancer biologists as well as anyone seeking to improve clinical outcomes for patients with cancer.