Classical Greece Era
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The Rise and Fall of Classical Greece
Author: Josiah Ober
language: en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date: 2016-10-04
A major new history of classical Greece—how it rose, how it fell, and what we can learn from it Lord Byron described Greece as great, fallen, and immortal, a characterization more apt than he knew. Through most of its long history, Greece was poor. But in the classical era, Greece was densely populated and highly urbanized. Many surprisingly healthy Greeks lived in remarkably big houses and worked for high wages at specialized occupations. Middle-class spending drove sustained economic growth and classical wealth produced a stunning cultural efflorescence lasting hundreds of years. Why did Greece reach such heights in the classical period—and why only then? And how, after "the Greek miracle" had endured for centuries, did the Macedonians defeat the Greeks, seemingly bringing an end to their glory? Drawing on a massive body of newly available data and employing novel approaches to evidence, Josiah Ober offers a major new history of classical Greece and an unprecedented account of its rise and fall. Ober argues that Greece's rise was no miracle but rather the result of political breakthroughs and economic development. The extraordinary emergence of citizen-centered city-states transformed Greece into a society that defeated the mighty Persian Empire. Yet Philip and Alexander of Macedon were able to beat the Greeks in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE, a victory made possible by the Macedonians' appropriation of Greek innovations. After Alexander's death, battle-hardened warlords fought ruthlessly over the remnants of his empire. But Greek cities remained populous and wealthy, their economy and culture surviving to be passed on to the Romans—and to us. A compelling narrative filled with uncanny modern parallels, this is a book for anyone interested in how great civilizations are born and die. This book is based on evidence available on a new interactive website. To learn more, please visit: http://polis.stanford.edu/.
Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece
Examining every aspect of the culture from antiquity to the founding of Constantinople in the early Byzantine era, this thoroughly cross-referenced and fully indexed work is written by an international group of scholars. This Encyclopedia is derived from the more broadly focused Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic Tradition, the highly praised two-volume work. Newly edited by Nigel Wilson, this single-volume reference provides a comprehensive and authoritative guide to the political, cultural, and social life of the people and to the places, ideas, periods, and events that defined ancient Greece.
Classical Greece
Did you know that the classical Greek philosophers were the earliest people to believe that the earth was a sphere? Among them was Aristotle, the personal mentor of Alexander the Great, the man famous for conquering the whole (known) world. Classical Greece is a period of only two hundred years, but it is filled with exciting events that shaped the political thought of modern Western civilization. In these two hundred years, the idea of democracy was born and developed, although their concept of democracy was much different than in modern times. Through the development of the polis, the ancient Greek society developed into its recognizable form of those with political rights and those without them. With strictly defined social norms, the culture of classical Greece started developing in its own unique way. Art, architecture, tragedies, comedies, philosophy, athletic competitions, and religious ceremonies became recognizable staples of Greeks as citizens of their highly developed poleis. And although Greece was able to develop its culture during this period, its territory was ravaged by many conflicts. They started as an uprising to bring down tyrants and oligarchs and as a defensive effort to fend off the Persian Empire. With aspirations to add Greece to its multi-ethnic empire, the Persian kings constantly attacked, prompting Greece to unite. But once the threat of conquest passed, the Greeks turned against each other and fought wars to determine which polis should become the predominant one. Read the History of Classical Greece, and learn how an ancient civilization reshaped itself into a democratic society. Discover how Philip II and his son, Alexander the Great, united the whole Greek world into one force able to explore vast territories to the east, all the way to India. Among the pages of this book, you will find details such as: The structure of poleis and their politics Women's rights, or the lack of them Oligarchy, tyranny, and democracy through the lens of the ancient world How Greek poleis won their autonomy Why Athens rose to power How the Greeks educated their young What the relationship between the people and the gods was like How tragedy and comedy shaped popular opinion Why Sparta and Athens fought the Peloponnesian War How a kingdom in the north, Macedon, came to dominate the whole of Greece The conquest of Alexander the Great Flip the pages of History of Classical Greece, and let your mind rediscover the past of a civilization that shaped modern Western political thought.