Civil Service Systems In Central And Eastern Europe
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Civil Service Systems in Central and Eastern Europe
Provides comparative analysis of the emerging patterns of administrative development of civil service systems in nine Central and Eastern European states since the beginning of the transition period. Discusses the influence of the European Union for the EU candidate states.
Development and Regulation of Civil Service in Central and Eastern European States - A Comparative Analysis in View of Good Governance
The Central and Eastern European states, recently accessed or acceding to the European Union are undergoing civil service reform processes incorporated in the general public administration reforms. Based on the necessity to promote good governance, the strategies of reform have been designed and implemented distinctly in each state; their finality consists in compatibility with a possible European model for civil service. A comparative analysis will take into consideration both the political-administrative systems of the states mentioned, the organization of the national civil service systems as well as the common European values embodied in civil service organization. Without being considered the most robust ones, the civil service systems in Central and Eastern European states are closely related to tradition, historical, economic or socio-cultural context as well as connections with the recognized systems: Anglo-Saxon, Continental German or Continental French. The elaboration of civil servants statutes represented a stage necessary to achieve the civil service reform. At the same time, the civil service reform focused on the following values: effectiveness, accountability, honesty, integrity, dynamism, lawfulness. For Central and Eastern European states, the civil service reform presents different forms. All these states have emphasized the preoccupation for improving the civil servants' performance, ensuring an active interface with the citizen.
Why Go Democratic
This study examines the civil service systems adopted in the post-communist Central and Eastern European democracies. While these new democracies underwent a process of civil service reform with the goal of increasing the level of bureaucratic professionalism and efficiency, civil service performance varies greatly in the region. Motivated by this empirical puzzle, this work answers two main questions: (1) What do the civil service systems created through civil service laws look like? and (2) In the absence of differences in institutional design, why do administrative apparatuses function better in certain countries than in others? In response to the first question, by using original data, this study finds that the formal provisions that regulate the civil service systems (as stipulated in civil service laws) differ only marginally across countries, establishing institutions which display primarily elements of professionalism and independence from political interference. Using four case studies, I answer the second question by taking into account the interplay between party competition and the modernization of state bureaucracy. In countries with party systems that display signs of institutionalization (e.g., low fragmentation and low volatility), there is little political patronage, as party competition is able to constrain cronyism. In the absence of political patronage, the civil service is filled with professionals chosen on a meritocratic basis, which enhances the system's overall quality. In contrast, countries with underinstitutionalized party systems (e.g., high fragmentation and high volatility) cannot rely upon party competition to constrain patronage politics. In such countries, the civil service is saturated with politically motivated appointments, undermining the level of professionalism in the entire system.